Usual and Shortest Confidence Intervals on Odds Ratios from Logistic Regression

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. David Wilson ◽  
Patricia Langenberg
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Shortest Confidence Intervals

Anemia and HIV in the Antiretroviral Era: Potential Significance of Testosterone.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3722-3722
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Behler ◽  
Starley B. Shade ◽  
Kellan Gregory ◽  
Donald I. Abrams ◽  
Paul A. Volberding
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Low Testosterone

Abstract BACKGROUND: Anemia remains the most common hematologic disorder in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection despite the use of effective antiretroviral therapy, and is associated with decreased quality of life and survival. Hypogonadism is prevalent in advanced HIV disease, however low testosterone levels have not been customarily implicated in HIV-associated anemia. This study was undertaken to determine whether there is a relationship between testosterone levels and androgen use with anemia in HIV, and to characterize other clinical correlates of HIV-associated anemia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined the clinical characteristics of 200 HIV positive patients at a public hospital HIV clinic and clinical features associated with anemia. A written questionnaire detailed previous and current medication use, opportunistic infections and malignancies. Hematologic and virologic parameters, testosterone and erythropoietin levels were measured; CD4 count and viral load nadir and peak levels were obtained from the computerized medical record. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <13.5 g/dL in men and <11.6 g/dL in women. RESULTS: Anemia was present in 24% of women and 28% of men. Anemia was negatively associated with female sex (adjusted OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.85), current antiretroviral therapy (adjusted OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20–0.95), current androgen use (adjusted OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05–0.84) and macrocytosis (adjusted OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09–0.61). Anemia was positively associated with lymphopenia (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.36–11.80), high erythropoieitin levels (adjusted OR 7.73, 95% CI 2.92–20.48) and low testosterone levels (adjusted OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.01–10.60). CONCLUSIONS: Low testosterone levels may have a positive association, and supplemental androgens a negative association with anemia in HIV disease. Predictors of Anemia Unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals obtained by logistic regression. Variables that achieved a p-value of <0.1 in tests of interaction were included in a multivariable logistic regression model, which was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. N % Anemic Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI) Female 38 23.7 0.78 (0.34, 1.78) 0.30 (0.11, 0.85) Male/MTF Transgender 162 28.4 Lymphopenia (<1.0x109/L) 19 57.9 3.05 (1.24, 7.51) 4.00 (1.36, 11.80) Normal Lymphocyte Count 178 24.7 Macrocytosis (MCV>100fL) 71 14.1 0.34 (0.16, 0.74) 0.23 (0.09, 0.61) Normal MCV 117 32.5 Microcytosis (MCV<80fL) 11 63.6 2.91 (0.87, 9.77) 2.02 (0.50, 8.13) Current Antiretroviral Therapy 139 20.1 0.32 (0.17, 0.61) 0.43 (0.20, 0.95) No current Antiretroviral Therapy 61 44.3 Current Androgen Use 23 13.0 0.36 (0.10, 1.27) 0.20 (0.05, 0.84) No Current Androgen Use 171 28.7 EPO x Testosterone Interaction High EPO-High/nl Testosterone 46 41.3 2.50 (1.23, 5.11) 7.73 (2.92, 20.48) Low/nl EPO-Low Testosterone 24 37.5 2.39 (0.89, 6.39) 3.27 (1.01, 10.60) High EPO-Low Testosterone 11 27.3 0.33 (0.04, 2.50) 0.17 (0.012, 2.36) Low/nl EPO-High/nl Testosterone 115 20.9

Intimate Partner Violence and its Association With Contraceptive Use Among Women in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Spring 2019) ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Kashif Siddique ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Ra’ana Malik ◽  
Naveeda Farhat ◽  
Farah Deeba
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Odds Ratios

The aim of this study is to find the association between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and contraceptive use among married women in Pakistan. The analysis was conducted by using cross sectional secondary data from every married women of reproductive age 15-49 years who responded to domestic violence module (N = 3687) of the 2012-13 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey. The association between contraceptive use (outcome variable) and IPV was measured by calculating unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using simple binary logistic regression and multivariable binary logistic regression. The result showed that out of 3687 women, majority of women 2126 (57.7%) were using contraceptive in their marital relationship. Among total, 1154 (31.3%) women experienced emotional IPV, 1045 (28.3%) women experienced physical IPV and 1402 (38%) women experienced both physical and emotional IPV together respectively. All types of IPV was significantly associated with contraceptive use and women who reported emotional IPV (AOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.23, 1.67), physical IPV (AOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.20, 1.65) and both emotional and physical IPV together (AOR 1.49; 95% CI 1.24, 1.72) were more likely to use contraceptives respectively. The study revealed that women who were living in violent relationship were more likely to use contraceptive in Pakistan. Still there is a need for women reproductive health services and government should take initiatives to promote family planning services, awareness and access to contraceptive method options for women to reduce unintended or mistimed pregnancies that occurred in violent relationships.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards the New Zealand Government’s Smokefree 2025 goal associated with smoking and vaping in university students aged 18 to 24 years: results of a 2018 national cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e037362
Author(s):  
Ben Wamamili ◽  
Mark Wallace-Bell ◽  
Ann Richardson ◽  
Randolph C Grace ◽  
Pat Coope
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
University Students ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds

ObjectiveIn March 2011, New Zealand (NZ) launched an aspirational goal to reduce smoking prevalence to 5% or less by 2025 (Smokefree 2025 goal). Little is known about university students’ awareness of, support for and perceptions about this goal. We sought to narrow the knowledge gap.SettingUniversity students in NZ.MethodsWe analysed data from a 2018 cross-sectional survey of university students across NZ. Logistic regression analysis examined the associations between responses about the Smokefree goal with smoking and vaping, while controlling for age, sex and ethnicity. Confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported where appropriate.ParticipantsThe sample comprised 1476 students: 919 (62.3%) aged 18 to 20 and 557 (37.7%) aged 21 to 24 years; 569 (38.6%) male and 907 (61.4%) female; 117 (7.9%) Māori and 1359 (92.1%) non-Māori. Of these, 10.5% currently smoked (ie, smoked at least monthly) and 6.1% currently vaped (ie, used an e-cigarette or vaped at least once a month).ResultsOverall awareness of the Smokefree goal was 47.5% (95% CI: 44.9 to 50.1); support 96.9% (95% CI: 95.8 to 97.8); belief that it can be achieved 88.8% (95% CI: 86.8 to 90.7) and belief that e-cigarettes/vaping can help achieve it 88.1% (95% CI: 86.0 to 89.9).Dual users of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes had greater odds of being aware of the Smokefree goal (OR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.19 to 7.92), current smokers had lower odds of supporting it (OR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.27) and of believing that it can be achieved (OR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.24) and current vapers had greater odds of believing that e-cigarettes/vaping can help to achieve it (OR=8.57, 95% CI: 1.18 to 62.52) compared with non-users.ConclusionsThe results suggest strong overall support for the Smokefree goal and belief that it can be achieved and that e-cigarettes/vaping can help achieve it. Smoking and vaping were associated with high awareness of the Smokefree goal, but lower support and optimism that it can be achieved.

Downward Trends in Surgical Site and Urinary Tract Infections After Cesarean Delivery in a French Surveillance Network, 1997–2003

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Vincent ◽  
Louis Ayzac ◽  
Raphaële Girard ◽  
Emmanuelle Caillat-Vallet ◽  
Catherine Chapuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective.To evaluate whether the adjusted rates of surgical site infection (SSI) and urinary tract infection (UTI) after cesarean delivery decrease in maternity units that perform active healthcare-associated infection surveillance.Design.Trend analysis by means of multiple logistic regression.Setting.A total of 80 maternity units participating in the Mater Sud-Est surveillance network.Patients.A total of 37,074 cesarean deliveries were included in the surveillance from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2003.Methods.We used a logistic regression model to estimate risk-adjusted post–cesarean delivery infection odds ratios. The variables included were the maternity units' annual rate of operative procedures, the level of dispensed neonatal care, the year of delivery, maternal risk factors, and the characteristics of cesarean delivery. The trend of risk-adjusted odds ratios for SSI and UTI during the study period was studied by linear regression.Results.The crude rates of SSI and UTI after cesarean delivery were 1.5% (571 of 37,074 patients) and 1.8% (685 of 37,074 patients), respectively. During the study period, the decrease in SSI and UTI adjusted odds ratios was statistically significant (R = −0.823 [P = .023] and R = −0.906 [P = .005], respectively).Conclusion.Reductions of 48% in the SSI rate and 52% in the UTI rate were observed in the maternity units. These unbiased trends could be related to progress in preventive practices as a result of the increased dissemination of national standards and a collaborative surveillance with benchmarking of rates.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences on Reproductive Plans and Adolescent Pregnancy in the Gulf Resilience on Women’s Health Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Megan Flaviano ◽  
Emily W. Harville
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk

We investigated if adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and ACE sub-types were associated with increased odds of planning to have children and adolescent pregnancy. The Gulf Resilience on Women’s Health (GROWH) is a diverse cohort of reproductive-age women living in southeastern Louisiana during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. In our sample of 1482 women, we used multinomial logistic regression to model odds ratios of wanting future children and assessed effect measure modification by educational attainment. We also estimated odds ratios of adolescent pregnancy with binomial logistic regression. Exposure to ACEs increased odds of wanting future children across all ACE sub-types. Among women with lower educational attainment, three or more ACEs (overall, childhood, and adolescence) had over two times the odds of wanting future children. History of ACE and the various sub-types, except for emotional abuse, were associated with increased risk of adolescent pregnancy. ACEs may be linked to adolescent pregnancy and reproductive plans, and variations by educational status highlighted social discrepancies and importance of social context in evaluation and intervention.

Abstract 3789: Nessun Dorma : Have the Risks of Rosiglitazone been Exaggerated?

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
George A Diamond ◽  
Sanjay Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
True Effect Size ◽  
Index Study ◽  
The Stability

Background A highly publicized meta-analysis of 42 clinical trials comprising 27,844 diabetics ignited a firestorm of controversy by charging that treatment with rosiglitazone was associated with a “…worrisome…” 43% greater risk of myocardial infarction ( p =0.03) and a 64% greater risk of cardiovascular death ( p =0.06). Objective The investigators excluded 4 trials from the infarction analysis and 19 trials from the mortality analysis in which no events were observed. We sought to determine if these exclusions biased the results. Methods We compared the index study to a Bayesian meta-analysis of the entire 42 trials (using odds ratio as the measure of effect size) and to fixed-effects and random-effects analyses with and without a continuity correction that adjusts for values of zero. Results The odds ratios and confidence intervals for the analyses are summarized in the Table . Odds ratios for infarction ranged from 1.43 to 1.22 and for death from 1.64 to 1.13. Corrected models resulted in substantially smaller odds ratios and narrower confidence intervals than did uncorrected models. Although corrected risks remain elevated, none are statistically significant (*p<0.05). Conclusions Given the fragility of the effect sizes and confidence intervals, the charge that roziglitazone increases the risk of adverse events is not supported by these additional analyses. The exaggerated values observed in the index study are likely the result of excluding the zero-event trials from analysis. Continuity adjustments mitigate this error and provide more consistent and reliable assessments of true effect size. Transparent sensitivity analyses should therefore be performed over a realistic range of the operative assumptions to verify the stability of such assessments especially when outcome events are rare. Given the relatively wide confidence intervals, additional data will be required to adjudicate these inconclusive results.

scholarly journals Does Schoolmate and Teacher Support Buffer against the Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Emotional and Behavioural Problems?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13009
Author(s):  
Miriama Lackova Rebicova ◽  
Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska ◽  
Daniela Husarova ◽  
Andrea Madarasova Geckova ◽  
Danielle E. M. C. Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Teacher Support ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Adverse Childhood

This study aims to explore the associations of schoolmate and teacher support with emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) and whether schoolmate and teacher support affects the associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and of EBP in adolescence. We obtained data from 5220 students aged from 11 to 15 (48.7% boys), who participated in the Health Behaviour in a School-aged Children study (2018, Slovakia). Using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age and family affluence we assessed the modification of the relations of ACE and EBP by schoolmate and teacher support. Schoolmate and teacher support decreased the probability of EBP (Odds Ratios, 95% confidence intervals: 0.76, 0.74|0.79; and 0.86, 0.83|0.89, respectively). However, we found no statistically significant interactions of schoolmate and teacher support regarding the association of ACE with EBP. Schoolmate and teacher support decreased the likelihood of EBP among adolescents but do not buffer the relation of any previous ACE with EBP.

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