Reformation, Revolt and Civil War in France and the Netherlands 1555-1585

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Jacob Soll ◽  
Philip Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Netherlands

Freeborn Subjects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Como
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Local Case ◽  
Personal Rule

This chapter provides an overview of the ideas and organizational ligatures that emerged by the 1630s to challenge the policies of Charles I’s personal rule. The chapter outlines some of the striking political ideas put forward by members of the “puritan triumvirate.” It also surveys the various ecclesiological alternatives championed by more rigorous puritans as alternatives to the existing episcopal and ceremonial order. Finally, it surveys the networks of clandestine print and distribution, centered in the Netherlands and anchored by sectarian puritans, which were responsible for disseminating these ideas and programs in England. The chapter concludes with three local case studies—London, Bristol, and Hertford—that illustrate these interlinked themes. The chapter argues that in terms of personnel, organizational structure, and ideological formulation the 1630s had already witnessed key developments that would have a deep impact on civil-war politics.

The Emergence of the Royalist Conspiracy in England in 1649-1650

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
K.S. Bacherikov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Charles I ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
King Charles I ◽  
Charles Ii

This article investigates the processes that took place among the English royalists after their defeat in the Civil War and the execution of King Charles I Stuart, as well as the emergence of their conspiracy movement for the restoration of the monarchy in England, namely, it examines the activities of such organizations of supporters of the monarchical form of government in England, as the “Western Association of Royalists”. In addition, the article studies the factors contributing to the failures of royalist organizations at the beginning of their activity against the regime of the Independent Republic, such as: passivity of supporters of King Charles II, their indecision, lack of a single control center, which entailed a low level of the participants’ actions coordination in the movement, lack of intelligence network, the refusal of France and the Netherlands to support the royalists, as well as the active opposition to their activities by the authorities of the Commonwealth of Eng-land. The role of the head of intelligence of the Independent Republic - Thomas Scott, who created the intelligence network, which carried out its activities against royalists not only in England, but also in royalist circles in exile in the kingdom of France, as well as in the Netherlands, stands out separately.

scholarly journals Struggling to Fit in. The Dutch in a Transnational Army, 1936–1939

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuël Kruizinga
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Republican Government ◽  
Military Cultures ◽  
Foreign Fighters

Struggling to Fit In. The Dutch in a Transnational Army, 1936-1939 The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) possessed a transnational resonance that echoed far beyond the borders of the country in which it was fought. It drew thousands of foreign fighters to Spain where, as many believed, the future of Europe would be decided. Most of them fought on the side of the embattled Republican government against an uprising supported by international Fascism. Given the foreign fighters’ similar socio-economic backgrounds and shared anti-Fascist sentiment, historians have suggested that the «International Brigades», formed out of these foreign fighters, constitute a true transnational army. This article suggests, however, that many of these foreign fighters had real trouble forging a transnational connection with their fellow fighters. Focusing on Dutch Interbrigadiers, it further highlights how the specificities of Dutch political culture and the legal regime created in the Netherlands combined to create a unique set of circumstances that impeded Dutch foreign fighters’ abilities to effectively work together with their German colleagues in Spain and their post-Spanish Civil War efforts to resist the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. This article suggests, therefore, that the International Brigades do not possess a single, distinctive and collectively transnational identity. Rather, they are made up of different identity layers that can, but need not, be mutually exclusive, and are linked to elements of different national and/or military cultures.

The ‘Weakness of Conscience’ in the Reformed Movement in the Netherlands: The Attitude of the Dutch Reformation to the use of Violence Between 1562 and 1574

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Auke Jelsma
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Just War ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The most important cause of the French civil war, starting in 1562, was religion. Of course, there were other motives too, especially the resistance of nobles to the centralization of power in Paris, but it was the struggle for freedom of religion which gave this war such a destructive character. The young Calvinist churches provided their warriors with all the mental and spiritual support they needed. In their opinion it was a struggle for the sake of God; it was a just war. As magistratus inferiores the nobles had the right, even the duty, to control and eventually to oppose the higher authority of the king. With arguments borrowed from the old testament and natural law they even defended the right of violent resistance to the government. Theological support came also from Geneva, especially from Theodore Beza. Without the Calvinist reformation there would not have been such a violent civil war, such a revolt, at that moment in the history of France.

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