The Long-Proboscid Fly Pollination System in Gladiolus (Iridaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Goldblatt ◽  
John C. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Pollination System ◽  
Fly Pollination

The Long-Proboscid Fly Pollination System in Southern Africa

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Goldblatt ◽  
John C. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Fly Pollination

scholarly journals Generalized olfactory detection of floral volatiles in the highly specialized Greya-Lithophragma nursery pollination system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian P. Schiestl ◽  
Erika A. Wallin ◽  
John J. Beck ◽  
Magne Friberg ◽  
John N. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Floral Volatiles ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Scenario ◽  
Plant Recognition ◽  
Hexahydrofarnesyl Acetone ◽  
Electroantennographic Detection ◽  
Local Host ◽  
Olfactory Detection

AbstractVolatiles are of key importance for host-plant recognition in insects. In the pollination system of Lithophragma flowers and Greya moths, moths are highly specialized on Lithophragma, in which they oviposit and thereby pollinate the flowers. Floral volatiles in Lithophragma are highly variable between species and populations, and moths prefer to oviposit into Lithophragma flowers from populations of the local host species. Here we used gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) to test whether Greya moths detect specific key volatiles or respond broadly to many volatiles of Lithophragma flowers. We also addressed whether olfactory detection in Greya moths varies across populations, consistent with a co-evolutionary scenario. We analyzed flower volatile samples from three different species and five populations of Lithophragma occurring across a 1400 km range in the Western USA, and their sympatric female Greya politella moths. We showed that Greya politella detect a broad range of Lithophragma volatiles, with a total of 23 compounds being EAD active. We chemically identified 15 of these, including the chiral 6, 10, 14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one (hexahydrofarnesyl acetone), which was not previously detected in Lithophragma. All investigated Lithophragma species produced the (6R, 10R)-enantiomer of this compound. We showed that Greya moths detected not only volatiles of their local Lithophragma plants, but also those from allopatric populations/species that they not encounter in local populations. In conclusion, the generalized detection of volatiles and a lack of co-divergence between volatiles and olfactory detection may be of selective advantage for moths in tracking hosts with rapidly evolving, chemically diverse floral volatiles.

Evolution of floral morphology and pollination system in Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Alcantara ◽  
Lúcia G. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollination System

scholarly journals The role of ultraviolet reflectance and pattern in the pollination system of Hypoxis camerooniana (Hypoxidaceae)

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Klomberg ◽  
Raissa Dywou Kouede ◽  
Michael Bartoš ◽  
Jan E J Mertens ◽  
Robert Tropek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Mount Cameroon ◽  
Uv Reflectance ◽  
Montane Grasslands

Abstract Apart from floral morphology and colours perceived by the human eye, ultraviolet (UV) reflectance acts as an important visual advertisement of numerous flowering plant species for pollinators. However, the effect of UV signalling on attracting pollinators of particular plant species is still insufficiently studied, especially in the Afrotropics. Therefore, we studied the pollination system of Hypoxis camerooniana in montane grasslands of Mount Cameroon, West/Central Africa. We focused mainly on the effects of the flowers’ UV reflectance on its visitors. We experimentally removed UV reflection from petals either completely or partially. Thereafter, flower visitors were recorded and pistils were collected post-flowering to quantify germinated pollen tubes per treatments. The most important visitors were bees, followed by flies. Due to their contacts with reproductive organs bees are considered as the primary pollinators. Visitation rates were lower when UV reflectance was completely removed, whereas the decrease of frequency on half-treated flowers did not differ significantly from control treatments. The complete removal of UV also affected bees’ landing behaviour, but not that of flies. We showed that the presence of UV reflectance is more important than UV pattern for bees visiting flowers of H. camerooniana. We hypothesize that exploiting all flowers irrespective of their pattern can be more efficient for pollinators in the open grasslands of high altitudes to spot these relatively scarce flowers by their UV reflectance. Furthermore, we highlight the necessity of both experimental and natural controls in similar studies to control for additional effects of the used UV manipulations. Many plants advertise their flowers with UV reflectance visible to their insect visitors. By manipulating the UV reflectance and pattern of Hypoxis camerooniana in the Afromontane grasslands of Mount Cameroon, we have shown how crucial it is for the predominant visitor, bees. Both bees' preferences for flowers and their behaviour during visits are influenced by changes in UV reflectance. However, the presence of some UV signal is more important than the specific pattern. Especially in montane grasslands with higher UV irradiation, the UV floral colours are important for recognition of flowers by potential pollinators.

Transfer of pollinaria on birds? feet: a new pollination system in orchids

2004 ◽  
Vol 244 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Johnson ◽  
Mark Brown
Keyword(s):  
Pollination System

scholarly journals Fly pollination drives convergence of flower coloration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair E. Garcia ◽  
Lea Hannah ◽  
Mani Shrestha ◽  
Martin Burd ◽  
Adrian G. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Fly Pollination

scholarly journals Specialized pollination by spider-hunting wasps: A new pollination system for South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
A. Shuttleworth ◽  
S.D. Johnson ◽  
D.J. Brothers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pollination System
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