Technology Transfer, Dependence, and Self-Reliance in the Third World: The Pharmaceutical and Machine Tool Industries in Indiaby Sunil K. Sahu

1999 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-721
Author(s):  
Christopher Candland
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Third World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Third World

Self-Reliance as Alternative Strategy for Development

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-377
Author(s):  
Ashok Parthasarathi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Third World ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Technological Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Made In

In September 1973, the Pugwash Movement realigned its sights on international collaboration in scientific and technological research as the surest means of promoting development in the Third World, when at its Twenty-third General Conference at Aulanko, Finland, it came to the conclusion that experience having proved its earlier premises to be false, explorations needed to be made in self-reliance as an alternative strategy. Accordingly, it held a Symposium in June 1975 at Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, which was attended by 20 participants from the three developing continents and from North America and Europe. There were also some observers from UN agencies. At its conclusion, the Symposium directed the author, who had acted as the rapporteur of the Symposium, to prepare a report along the ‘outlines’ unanimously approved by the participants. The following essay is the result of his labours. It examines the genesis of the concept of self-reliance, explains the concept itself, outlines the transitional steps, spells out the implications for international organizations as well as developing countries, and gives the guidelines of action by the Pugwash Movement itself.

Education, Economic Development, and Technology Transfer: A Colonial Test

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Third World ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Mineral Sector ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

I test the hypothesis advanced by Richard Easterlin and others that the importation of modern technology and prospects for economic development in the Third World are principally a function of the local population's formal schooling. According to orthodoxy, manufacturing more than any other sector should repay investment in human capital. Yet the correlation of schooling with the manufacturing sector is much lower than with the mineral sector, an enclave in colonial economies and a symbol of underdevelopment.

OPEC's Political Options: Case for Collective Self-Reliance within the Third World

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Rehman Sobhan
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Technology Markets ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
Oil Embargo ◽  
The Third World

Since the 1973 oil embargo, OPEC's political and economic leverage in global politics has progressively weakened. This decline in OPEC's relative power is due largely to the oil producers' increased dependence on the West for technology, markets, security, and investment opportunities. To counteract this increasing dependency, this paper argues for increased economic collaboration with the Third World, including a complete redirection of OPEC's investments. Collective self-reliance would help diversify and strengthen the oil producers' economies, as well as strengthen and improve the well-being of the Third World as a whole.

Science, Technology and Development: China as a “Case Study”

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 520-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve C. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Third World ◽  
National Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Third World

China shares with the developing countries of the third world the broad objective of economic growth, starting from a condition the Chinese themselves describe as “poor and blank” relative to the material resources of the developed countries. Yet “self-reliance” has been the keynote of Chinese policies for ten years, and the Chinese now urge the rest of the third world countries to adopt the same principle for their own development. In broad terms, “development” refers to the improvement of a society's material welfare, resulting from economic growth and from appropriate measures of income distribution. In Chinese and, increasingly, in general usage, such economic growth is identified with the use of production processes and the production of goods new to the developing economy. “Self-reliance” does not necessarily preclude transfer of foreign technologies into the developing country, but specifies technological change which occurs in response to demands arising within the developing economy itself, rather than imposed on it from outside. In any country, demand for technological change and distribution of the fruits of technological advance are dependent on its political and social structure, as well as on economic factors, and on the country's international economic and political bargaining power. China, whose leaders have a particular perception of the implications of these relationships for their development objectives, is an especially significant “case study” of the use of science and technology for national development.

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