scholarly journals Root pressure and specific conductivity in temperate lianas: exotic Celastrus orbiculatus (Celastraceae) vs. native Vitis riparia (Vitaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Tibbetts ◽  
Frank W. Ewers
Keyword(s):  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Celastrus Orbiculatus ◽  
Root Pressure ◽  
Vitis Riparia

Differences in hydraulic traits of grapevine rootstocks are not conferred to a common Vitis vinifera scion

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe H. Barrios-Masias ◽  
Thorsten Knipfer ◽  
M. Andrew Walker ◽  
Andrew J. McElrone
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Root Pressure ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Microct Imaging

Cultivars of grapevine are commonly grafted onto rootstocks to improve resistance against biotic and abiotic stress, however, it is not clear whether known differences in hydraulic traits are conferred from rootstocks to a common scion. We recently found that Vitis riparia and Vitis champinii differed in drought-induced embolism susceptibility and repair, which was related to differences in root pressure generation after rewatering (Knipfer et al. 2015). In the present study, we tested whether these and other physiological responses to drought are conferred to a common V. vinifera scion (Cabernet Sauvignon) grafted on V. riparia and V. champinii rootstocks. We measured xylem embolism formation/repair using in vivo microCT imaging, which was accompanied with analysis of leaf gas exchange, osmotic adjustment and root pressure. Our data indicate that differences in scion physiological behaviour for both rootstock combinations were negligible, suggesting that the sensitivity of Cabernet Sauvignon scion to xylem embolism formation/repair, leaf gas exchange and osmotic adjustment is unaffected by either V. riparia or V. champinii rootstock in response to drought stress.

scholarly journals Grapevine species from varied native habitats exhibit differences in embolism formation/repair associated with leaf gas exchange and root pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
THORSTEN KNIPFER ◽  
ASHLEY EUSTIS ◽  
CRAIG BRODERSEN ◽  
ANDREW M. WALKER ◽  
ANDREW J. MCELRONE
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Root Pressure ◽  
Native Habitats

scholarly journals Strain Sensor Based on Biological Nanomaterial

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Levan P. Ichkitidze ◽  
Alexander Yu. Gerasimenko ◽  
Dmitry V. Telyshev ◽  
Eugeny P. Kitsyuk ◽  
Vladimir A. Petukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screen Printing ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Aqueous Dispersion ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We investigated a prototype of a strain sensor based on the layers of a bionanomaterial containing bovine serum albumin (BSA matrix) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT filler). The aqueous dispersion of 25 wt.% BSA/0.3 wt.% MWCNT was applied by screen printing onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates. After drying the layers by laser irradiation (~970 nm), various parameters of the layers were controlled, i.e., resistance R, bending angle θ, number of cycles n, and measurement time. One measurement cycle corresponded to a change within the range θ = ±150°. The layers of the BSA/MWCNT bionanomaterial had dimensions of (15 ÷ 20) mm × (8 ÷ 10) mm × (0.5 ÷ 1. 5) µm. The dependences of resistance R on the bending angle θ were similar for all layers at θ = ±30, and the R(θ) curves represented approximate linear dependences (with an error of ≤ 10%); beyond this range, the dependences became nonlinear. The following quantitative values were obtained for the investigated strain sensor: specific conductivity ~1 ÷ 10 S/m, linear strain sensitivity ~160, and bending sensitivity 1.0 ÷ 1.5%/°. These results are high. The examined layers of the bionanomaterial BSA/MWCNT as a strain sensor are of particular interest for medical practice. In particular, strain sensors can be implemented by applying a water dispersion of nanomaterials to human skin using a 3D printer for monitoring movements (arms and blinking) and the detection of signs of pathology (dysphagia, respiratory diseases, angina, etc.).

scholarly journals The Grapevine E3 Ubiquitin Ligase VriATL156 Confers Resistance against the Downy Mildew Pathogen Plasmopara viticola

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Elodie Vandelle ◽  
Pietro Ariani ◽  
Alice Regaiolo ◽  
Davide Danzi ◽  
Arianna Lovato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Vitis Species ◽  
Vitis Riparia

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most severe diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Genetic resistance is an effective and sustainable control strategy, but major resistance genes (encoding receptors for specific pathogen effectors) introgressed from wild Vitis species, although effective, may be non-durable because the pathogen can evolve to avoid specific recognition. Previous transcriptomic studies in the resistant species Vitis riparia highlighted the activation of signal transduction components during infection. The transfer of such components to V. vinifera might confer less specific and therefore more durable resistance. Here, we describe the generation of transgenic V. vinifera lines constitutively expressing the V. riparia E3 ubiquitin ligase gene VriATL156. Phenotypic and molecular analysis revealed that the transgenic plants were less susceptible to P. viticola than vector-only controls, confirming the role of this E3 ubiquitin ligase in the innate immune response. Two independent transgenic lines were selected for detailed analysis of the resistance phenotype by RNA-Seq and microscopy, revealing the profound reprogramming of transcription to achieve resistance that operates from the earliest stages of pathogen infection. The introduction of VriATL156 into elite grapevine cultivars could therefore provide an effective and sustainable control measure against downy mildew.

Electrohydrodynamic stability: Taylor–Melcher theory for a liquid bridge suspended in a dielectric gas

2002 ◽  
Vol 452 ◽  
pp. 163-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. BURCHAM ◽  
D. A. SAVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Liquid Bridge ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Axisymmetric Deformation ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Theory And Experiment

A liquid bridge is a column of liquid, pinned at each end. Here we analyse the stability of a bridge pinned between planar electrodes held at different potentials and surrounded by a non-conducting, dielectric gas. In the absence of electric fields, surface tension destabilizes bridges with aspect ratios (length/diameter) greater than π. Here we describe how electrical forces counteract surface tension, using a linearized model. When the liquid is treated as an Ohmic conductor, the specific conductivity level is irrelevant and only the dielectric properties of the bridge and the surrounding gas are involved. Fourier series and a biharmonic, biorthogonal set of Papkovich–Fadle functions are used to formulate an eigenvalue problem. Numerical solutions disclose that the most unstable axisymmetric deformation is antisymmetric with respect to the bridge’s midplane. It is shown that whilst a bridge whose length exceeds its circumference may be unstable, a sufficiently strong axial field provides stability if the dielectric constant of the bridge exceeds that of the surrounding fluid. Conversely, a field destabilizes a bridge whose dielectric constant is lower than that of its surroundings, even when its aspect ratio is less than π. Bridge behaviour is sensitive to the presence of conduction along the surface and much higher fields are required for stability when surface transport is present. The theoretical results are compared with experimental work (Burcham & Saville 2000) that demonstrated how a field stabilizes an otherwise unstable configuration. According to the experiments, the bridge undergoes two asymmetric transitions (cylinder-to-amphora and pinch-off) as the field is reduced. Agreement between theory and experiment for the field strength at the pinch-off transition is excellent, but less so for the change from cylinder to amphora. Using surface conductivity as an adjustable parameter brings theory and experiment into agreement.

An investigation of the role of solutes in the xylem sap and in the xylem parenchyma as the source of root pressure

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 211 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Enns ◽  
M. J. Canny ◽  
M. E. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Root Pressure

The Specific Conductivity of Protozoan Cultures.

1929 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-606
Author(s):  
E. H. Slifer ◽  
E. C. Herber ◽  
R. Blumenthal ◽  
T. P. Sun ◽  
C. C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Specific Conductivity

Root Pressure and Root Exudation

Science ◽  
1919 ◽  
Vol 49 (1255) ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Ernest Shaw Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudation ◽  
Root Pressure

scholarly journals Effect of solvent composition on the critical micelle concentration of sodium deoxycholate in ethanol-water mixed solvent media

BIBECHANA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Bhattarai ◽  
Sujit Kumar Shah ◽  
Ashok Kumar Yadav ◽  
Janak Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
Effect Of Solvent

The precise measurement of the specific conductivity of sodium deoxycholate in pure water and ethanolwater mixed solvent media containing 0.10 and 0.20 volume fraction of ethanol at 303.15 K are reported. The concentration were varied from ~ 0.01 mol L-1 to ~ 0.0002 mol L-1.The conductivity of sodium deoxycholate decreases with the increase in the volume fraction of ethanol. The critical micelle concentration of sodium deoxycholate increases with the increase in the volume fraction of ethanol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v9i0.7176 BIBECHANA 9 (2013) 63-68

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