scholarly journals The Impact of War, Famine, and Economic Decline on Marital Fertility in Ethiopia

Demography ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Lindstrom ◽  
Betemariam Berhanu
Keyword(s):  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Charlottesville Urban Design and Affordable Housing

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Schwartz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
World War ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Suburban Sprawl ◽  
Home Mortgage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
American Cities

One of the most pressing problems confronting architects and planners involves the erosion of urban fabric in American cities and small towns. Many factors have contributed to the physical and economic decline of previously healthy cities since the end of World War 11. Federal tax policies involving home mortgage deduction, FHA loan programs, and highway policy and subsidies have all conspired to promote suburban sprawl and a concurrent abandonment of city centers by the middle class. Nowhere has the impact of this problem been felt more seriously than in the area of housing. The legacy of the late 1950's and 1960's "urban renewal" has decimated vast tracts of land. In many areas of many cities, lower and middle income housing stock has been eliminated, often leaving a wasteland of parking in its place.

Managing the Economy, Managing the People

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World ◽  
Roll Back

The volume provides a distinctive new account of British economic life since the Second World War, focusing upon the ways in which successive governments, in seeking to manage the economy, have sought simultaneously to ‘manage the people’: to try and manage popular understanding of economic issues. In doing so, governments have sought not only to shape expectations for electoral purposes but to construct broader narratives about how ‘the economy’ should be understood. The starting point is to ask what goals have been focused upon; how these have been constructed to appeal to the population; and how far the population has accepted these narratives. In its first part, the volume analyses the development of the major narratives from the 1940s onwards. This part covers the notion of ‘austerity’ and its particular meaning in the 1940s; the rise of a narrative of ‘economic decline’ from the late 1950s, and the subsequent attempts to ‘modernize’ the economy; the attempts to ‘roll back the state’ from the 1970s; the impact of ideas of ‘globalization’ in the 1980s and 1990s; and, finally, the way the crisis of 2008/9 onwards was constructed as a problem of ‘debts and deficits’. The second part of the volume then focuses in on four key issues in attempts to ‘manage the people’: productivity, the balance of payments, inflation, and unemployment. It shows how in each case governments have sought to get the populace to understand these issues in a particular light, and have shaped strategies to that end.

Ethnic Conflict and the Politics of Greed Rethinking Chimamanda Adichie's

Matatu ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Mdika Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Impact

The African continent today is laced with some of the most intractable conflicts, most of them based on ethnic nationalism. More often than not, this has led to poor governance, unequal distribution of resources, state collapse, high attrition of human resources, economic decline, and inter-ethnic clashes. This essay seeks to examine Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's through the lens of ethnic conflict. It begins by tracing the history and manifestations of ethnic stereotypes and ethnic cleavage in African imaginaries. The essay then argues that group loyalty in Nigeria led to the creation of 'biafranization' or 'fear of the Igbo factor' in the Hausa–Fulani and the various other ethnic groups that sympathized with them; a fear that crystallized into a thirty-month state-sponsored bulwark campaign aimed at finding a 'final solution' to a 'problem population'. Finally, the essay contends that Adichie's anatomizes the impact of ethnic cleavage on the civilian Igbo population during the Nigeria–Biafra civil war. Adichie, I argue, participates in an ongoing re-invention of how Africans can extinguish the psychology of fear that they are endangered species when they live side by side with people who do not belong to their 'tribe'.

The Impact of Taxation Accounting of Value-Added-Tax in the Engineering of the Iraqi Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Haitham ALI AL-Anbgai
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Operational Management ◽  
Oil Rents ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the causes behind the difficulties encountered by Iraqi economy in rebuilding, provision of value added tax (VAT), formation and implementation effects in case of applying it to the Iraqi markets. In contrast to accounts that lay stress on Iraq’s statist past, we argue that the sustained decline in formal institutions and poor tax administration is the best explanation for Iraq’s economic decline. In addition to the selected micro-economic interventions, we recommend policies that more dependably and equitably distribute oil rents, such as a universal basic value added tax collection. Our recommendations thus contrast sharply with the approaches that emphasize a reduced role by the state. The aim is to facilitate the development of VAT model under conditions of lowered conflict and greater stability, a binding constraint on development for Iraqi economy. The development process for the VAT operational management in Iraqi markets. VAT operates as a transactional sales tax, often compliance in Iraqi market jurisdiction can be compromised where purchasers are a part of a scheme that operates a fraud mechanism or where supplies are made to consumers without any physical presence in destination countries. In this context, enforcement nexus must be reinforced through several mechanisms suggested in the literature.

scholarly journals Delayed Marriages in Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar ◽  
M. Framurz K. Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Delayed marriages played a very important role in slowing down population growth during the European Demographic Transition. Similarly, some developing countries have recently undergone even more rapid changes in marriage patterns, leading to declining levels of fertility. Curtailing marriage or entry into sexual unions is one of the "positive" checks posited by Malthusian theory and is worthy of some renewed attention because of the lack of decline in marital fertility in Pakistan. Several researchers have identified changes in nuptiality behaviour in Pakistan, in terms of a rise in both the average age at marriage [8; 11; 12] and changes in cohort nuptiality [7]. One researcher observed a slight decline in fertility and attributed it to a rise in the age at marriage in the late Seventies [1], but his observation was found to be an artefact of data and was, therefore, refuted (18] . Thus, nuptiality behaviour has been noted to have changed in Pakistan since the Fifties with no notable accompanying changes in marital fertility. This paper's primary objective is to explore the impact of modernization, particularly of expansion of education and modern sector employment, urbanization and migration, on proportions never married in various age groups.

Vetoes and Venues: Economic Crisis and the Roads to Recovery in Michigan and Ontario

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Constantelos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
International Border ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article examines executive responses to economic decline in Ontario and Michigan from 2003 to 2012, when the two governments struggled to adjust to a severe manufacturing crisis which greatly worsened during the Great Recession in 2008–2009. Sharing an international border, these cases offer control over an unusually large number of economic, social and political factors, permitting a focused analysis of the impact of divided government and fiscal decentralization on executive policy making. The research finds that greater fiscal decentralization in Canada and unified government in Ontario allowed the province to develop a more rapid and more robust response to the economic crisis in comparison to the State of Michigan. Budgetary constraints and a partisan veto at the state level forced Michigan's governor to redirect her efforts to the federal venue.

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