Major Legal Systems in the World Today: An Introduction to the Comparative Study of Law and An Introduction to Legal Systems

The several forms of preferential mating, such as cross-cousin marriage, sororate and levirate, are well known and have been reported from all the ethnographic provinces of the world. Lately Lowie and Rivers have devoted special chapters in their books on social organization to the comparative study of these important institutions. Lowie has pointed out that there is strong evidence for the correlation of sororate and levirate. The later publication of Rivers hardly serves to make these matters any clearer than Lowie's work. Although the latter scholar, with Tylor and others, recognized the close connexion existing between sororate and levirate, the evidence at his disposal did not allow him to arrive at a similar conclusion with regard to the other forms of preferential marriage. Accordingly he had to treat them, for the time being, as institutions of independent origin.

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Performing International Systems: Two East-Asian Alternatives to the Westphalian Order

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818312000033 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Erik Ringmar

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

East Asian ◽

First Century ◽

Opinion Formation ◽

Interstate Relations ◽

The World ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

International Systems ◽

Historical Periods

AbstractThis article provides a framework for the comparative study of international systems. By analyzing how international systems are framed, scripted, and performed, it is possible to understand how interstate relations are interpreted in different historical periods and parts of the world. But such an investigation also has general implications—inter alia for a study of the nature of power, the role of emotions in foreign policymaking, and public opinion formation. Case studies are provided by the Sino-centric, the Tokugawa, and the Westphalian systems. As this study shows, the two East Asian systems were in several respects better adapted than the Westphalian to the realities of international politics in the twenty-first century.

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Comparative Study of Civil Procedure in Common Law and Civil Law Systems

Journal of Politics and Law ◽

10.5539/jpl.v9n5p267 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Nader Ghanbari ◽

Hassan Mohseni ◽

Dawood Nassiran

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Common Law ◽

Civil Law ◽

Civil Procedure ◽

Judicial System ◽

Specific Method ◽

Legal Systems ◽

Separate Branch ◽

The Common ◽

The Comparative Study

Comparing the legal systems is a specific method in which due to its important function is considered as a separate branch in law. None of the branches in law can place its knowledge merely on ideas and findings within the national borders. Several basic objections have been given regarding the definition and purpose of comparative study in civil procedure. In addition there are specific problems regarding studying practically the similar systems in a legal system like differences in purpose, definition and concept. In different legal systems like civil law and common law systems in which there is a divergence, even the judicial system`s organs and judges` appointment and judicial formalism are different, which add to the problems of the comparative study. Reviewing these differences could lead to a better understanding of these legal systems and recognizing the common principles in making use of each other`s findings considering these differences and indicate the obstacles of comparative study in this regard.

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CRIMINAL PROCEDURE IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA: SOCIALIST, CIVILIAN OR TRADITIONAL?

International and Comparative Law Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0020589310000618 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 1099-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bo Yin ◽

Peter Duff

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Legal System ◽

Natural Science ◽

Criminal Procedure ◽

Comparative Law ◽

Legal Systems ◽

Legal Analysis ◽

Methodological Tool ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

Analytical Device

Taxonomy, as a methodological tool introduced from natural science, brought the categorization of legal systems to comparative law.1The term ‘legal family’2is normally used as a metaphor, because it recognizes that within each grouping there are many variations. Each of the legal families is regarded as a combination of fundamental features of legal systems which have certain similarities. As an analytical device, taxonomy renders the comparison of different laws and legal institutions manageable by means of simplifying or abstracting the diverse and complicated realities of a myriad of legal systems. As a result, the concept of legal families acts as a support for legal borrowing and transplantation, as well as comprising an inevitable part of most comparative law works. Even where as few as two jurisdictions are involved, the categorization of legal families is still a useful tool for most comparative legal analysis. Assisted by the notion of legal families, comparativists can readily understand and explore an unfamiliar legal system.3Normally, such scholars tend to accept the conventional or widely accepted categorization of a particular legal system as belonging to a certain legal family. However, without detailed scrutiny of the first-hand material, distortions may arise as a result of preconceptions held at the beginning of the comparative study.4

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Similarities and Differences between the Yakut Olonkho and the Buryat Uliger: Plot Composition and Motives

Nauchnyy dialog ◽

10.24224/2227-1295-2021-1-135-151 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135-151

Author(s):

A. F. Koryakina

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Central Asia ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

South Siberia ◽

The World ◽

Genetic Origins ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

Stated Problem

The article is devoted to the identification of typological similarities and differences in epic plots and motives in the texts of the Yakut olonkho and the Buryat uliger. The relevance of the stated problem is due to the purpose of obtaining additional materials to confirm the results of earlier studies on establishing the genetic origins and typological connections of the epic creativity of the Yakut and Buryat peoples. A brief review of the study of the problem in the works of domestic folklorists, who developed the theory of the comparative study of the peoples of the world epics; Yakut epic scholars, who considered in their works the historical and typological connections of the Yakut olonkho with the epics of the Sayan-Altai, Mongol-Buryat peoples; Buryat scientists who turn in their research to the processes of historical and cultural mutual influences of the epic heritage of the Yakuts and Mongol-Buryats. Scientific methods of typological, structural-comparative and textological analysis are used. The similarity of the plots and plot motives of the olonkho “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift” by K. Orosin and the uliger “Abai Geser Mighty” by M. Imegenov, which is due to the principles of typological repetition in folklore and cultural and historical contacts of the Yakut and Buryat peoples at different stages of development of the Proto-Turkic peoples inhabiting the territory of Central Asia and South Siberia.

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“DESCENT INTO HELL” VS “THE LEGEND OF THE GREAT GUEST”: CHRISTIAN DOGMA IN THE ETHNO-RELIGIOUS SYSTEM OF THE OSSETIANS

Известия СОИГСИ ◽

10.23671/vnc.2018.67.15184 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

С.Г. КЦОЕВА

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

New Testament ◽

The Other ◽

The Third ◽

Religious System ◽

The World ◽

Religious Cult ◽

Number Of Publications ◽

Canonical Texts ◽

The Comparative Study

Статья посвящена анализу христианских интерференций в самобытной этноре- лигиозной системе осетин. В «Осетинских этюдах» Миллер со ссылкой на работу Б. Га- тиева привел легенду о Барастыре. Этот правитель загробного мира по ходатайству неизвестного, но «великого гостя» выпустил грешников из ада и ввел их в рай. Миллер, предположивший в данной легенде отражение христианского догматического предания о сошествии Иисуса Христа в ад, не стал доказывать свою гипотезу, и в некоторой сте- пени настоящее исследование является ее научной проверкой. Анализ сюжета позволяет с уверенностью констатировать его христианскую основу. Предпринятое сравнитель- ное изучение осетинской легенды и христианского догмата выявило как совпадения, так и несовпадения отдельных элементов легенды с каноническим преданием, что обусловило необходимость обращения к ветхо- и новозаветным апокрифам, касающимся данного со- бытия. Их разбор также не оставил сомнений в точности миллеровской догадки. Отсыл- ка к неканоническим текстам в ходе настоящего исследования была обусловлена также скудостью упоминаний о событии Сошествия в ад в библейском каноне. Обращение же к неканоническим евангелиям в ходе сравнительного анализа способствовало его существен- ной объективации, вследствие чего в статье особо подчеркивается проблема апокрифиче- ских заимствований, остающаяся, судя по небольшому количеству публикаций, одной из наименее изученных в осетиноведении. Кроме того, материалы сравнительного изучения способствовали выявлению третьего, неожиданного объекта анализа — иудейских элемен- тов в предпасхальной этнорелигиозной обрядности осетин («суфæхæрæн æхсæв»), что позволило вывести исследование за рамки собственно мировоззренческой сферы в другую область религиозной системы — этнорелигиозную культовую практику. The article is devoted to the analysis of the Christian interference into the original ethnoreligious system of the Ossetians. V. Miller in his «Ossetian etudes» referred to B. Gatiev’s work where the legend about Barastyr is narrated. This ruler of the world of the dead at the request of the «great guest» released sinners from the hell and welcomed them to the paradise. V. Miller suggested that this legend reflects the Christian dogmatic tradition of the Descent of Jesus Christ into hell. He, however, did not develop this hypothesis, and, to some extent, the present study is a scientific verification of this hypothesis. The analysis of the plot allows us to state with certainty its Christian basis. The undertaken comparative study of the Ossetian legend and Christian dogma revealed both coincidences and discrepancies between the separate elements of the legend with the canonical gospel. This necessitated addressing the Old and New Testament apocrypha, which relate this event. The present analysis leaves little doubt about the accuracy of Millerʼs guess. The reference to non-canonical texts in the course of this study is also due to the meagerness of references to the Descent into hell. The analysis of the non-canonical Gospels in the course of the comparative study contributed to its significant objectification, as a result of which the article highlights the problem of apocryphal borrowings. Judging by the small number of publications, this problem is one of the least investigated in the Ossetian studies. In addition, the materials of the comparative study helped to identify the third, unexpected object of analysis — the Jewish elements in the religious pre-Easter ritual («sufæhæræn æхsæv») among Ossetians. This made it possible to extend the research beyond the actual worldview scope to the other field of the religious system — ethno-religious cult practice.

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How Kerala and Rajasthan Mitigated COVID-19: A Comparative Study

International Journal of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology ◽

10.31531/2581-3080.1000145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Yash Jain ◽

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Case Fatality ◽

High Rate ◽

State Governments ◽

First Case ◽

The World ◽

Rate Of Recovery ◽

Precautionary Measures ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

Low Rate

All the countries of the world have been taking all the possible precautionary measures to combat COVID-19. In India, although there are many states which were affected by this flareup, the authors had taken only two states, i.e., Kerala and Rajasthan. Both the states did their best to combat this pandemic. Kerala was the first state to witness the first case in India on 30th January 2020 whereas in Rajasthan, the first case was tested on 2nd March 2020. After announcing this flareup as a pandemic by WHO, all the states did their best to break the chain of transmission, till date the recovery rate of India is 63.30%, Kerala is 47%, and Rajasthan is 73%. The high rate of recovery and low rate of case fatality show the benefits of early lockdown and the precautionary measures taken by Government of India and State governments (Kerala and Rajasthan). This paper implies the comparative study of all the precautionary measures and situation of COVID-19 in the two states.

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