Land Reform in Principle and Practice, The Challenge of Development, Modernisation de l'Agriculture et Populations Semi-Nomades and Take Out Hunger: Two Case Studies of Rural Development in Basutoland

The policies followed by patrimonial states generally involve playing one group against another and are inimical to long-run growth. Social cohesion or closure among rural groups (tenants, part-owners, etc.) provides a mechanism by which the governing elite are likely to find increased opportunities to behave in a developmental way. More strongly, this rural cohesion or closure often compels them to behave in a developmental manner. Such closure is most likely to result from broad based rural development resulting in the creation of extensive social networks via the operation of intermediaries. The prewar experiences of Japan and Korea with land reform are used to illustrate the argument.

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An East Asian Approach to Rural Development: A Comparative of the Saemaul Undong and FELDA Programs

International Studies Review ◽

10.1163/2667078x-01901004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 75-98

Author(s):

Nurliana Kamaruddin

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Land Reform ◽

East Asian ◽

Green Revolution ◽

National Development ◽

Land Development ◽

Developmental State ◽

Development Programs ◽

Federal Land ◽

Northeast Asian

The study of East Asia has generally focused on its national development experience with emphasis given to industrial urban-based growth. However, the region has also been credited for impressive rural growth due to the Northeast Asian land reform and overall investment for a Green Revolution by states. Less emphasis has been given to a comparative exploration of different rural development programs that existed. Studies on rural development programs within the region have been diverse with case-specific perspectives, rather than in accordance with a unified conceptualization of what it means to have successful rural development. This article attempts to address that gap by evaluating two cases, the South Korean Saemaul Undong and the Malaysian Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA). It applies three different development perspectives; the neoliberal approach, the developmental state approach, and the humancentered approach, to determine the degree to which these programs can be considered successful. An East Asian conceptualization of successful rural development is identified based on an emphasis on government capacity, grassroots participation, a shared mentality for national development and a prioritization on building human capital.

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Institutions and Networks in Rural Development: Two Case Studies from Hungary

Sustainability and Short-term Policies ◽

10.4324/9781315611457-18 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 235-262

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Case Studies

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Rural Development in South Korea, 1950s–1970s

Mobilizing for Development ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501748844.003.0004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 80-116

Author(s):

Kristen E. Looney

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Land Reform ◽

Deep Roots ◽

Urban Bias ◽

Rural Change ◽

Agricultural Cooperative ◽

South Korean ◽

Extension Agencies ◽

Rural Institutions ◽

Household Incomes

This chapter explains South Korea's mixed record of rural development. It begins with an overview of rural change in the postwar period and shows that agriculture did not contribute much to the overall economy or to rural household incomes because of an adverse policy environment. The situation improved in the 1970s, with noticeable gains in production, incomes, and infrastructure, although progress was uneven in each of these areas. The chapter then discusses rural institutions and the shift away from urban bias. It argues that agriculture underperformed because land reform was insufficient for long-term growth and because South Korea's rural institutions were relatively weak. The Ministry of Agriculture was low in the bureaucratic hierarchy, and its extension agencies never developed deep roots in society. The National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (NACF) in particular was qualitatively different from its counterpart in Taiwan; it was an appendage of the state that exhibited linkage but not autonomy. Rural policy was implemented in a more rigid, top-down manner, with less participation from small farmers and fewer people advocating on their behalf. The South Korean case illustrates both the strengths and weaknesses of a campaign approach to development. The New Village Movement essentially reset the priorities of every branch of government, temporarily overriding other work.

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Ejido Sector Reforms: From Land Reform to Rural Development

Reforming Mexico's Agrarian Reform ◽

10.4324/9781315286013-17 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 87-122

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Land Reform

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Creativity and Flexibility in County and Township Economic Governance

Zouping Revisited ◽

10.11126/stanford/9781503604001.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kay Shimizu

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Case Studies ◽

Development Policy ◽

County Level ◽

Economic Governance ◽

Rural Development Policy ◽

Development Paths ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Over Time ◽

Single Locality

This chapter seeks to improve our understanding of how China’s county level governments manage the diverse economic trajectories of the townships and villages they govern in three ways: First, by looking at the county, township and village levels, the chapter examines variations in development paths at the sub-county levels. Second, the chapter looks at the fiscal relationships between the county and its townships and their change over time as an indicator of the relative changes in the economic dynamics of a single locality. Lastly, in-depth interviews reveal details about the development and the politics that shaped and managed it. Selected case studies illustrate the diverse paths taken at the sub-county level. The chapter also shows how the key to Zouping’s overall success has been the county government’s ability to be creative and flexible even within the confines of a nationally scripted rural development policy.

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