Political Development: A General Theory and a Latin American Case Study.

Social Forces ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Sakari Sariola ◽  
Helio Jaguaribe ◽  
James Petras ◽  
Hugo Zemelman Merino ◽  
Thomas Flory
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Development ◽  
American Case

Ungleichheitswirkung von Sozialreformen in Lateinamerika

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Weinmann
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Latin American Studies ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Informal Labour ◽  
Social Statistics

Postmillennial social reforms implemented by the centre-left governments in Latin America aimed to achieve a significant reduction in inequality. This case study analyses the process of regulating domestic work in Uruguayan households, an internationally praised political development. Based on different sources, such as labour laws, parliamentary debates, political manifestos, qualitative interviews, social statistics and TV advertisements, the research shows that the implementation of a minimum wage, collective bargaining rights or the entitlement to social security had negligible effects on alleviating inequalities in this sector. The findings of the study allow us to generalise about other ambitious social reforms of that time. Furthermore, they question popular premises within Latin American studies. This study challenges the thesis that domestic work can be regarded as a prototype of ‘informal labour’ which is unregulated or even impossible to regulate.

Political Competition and Electoral Fraud: A Latin American Case Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Molina ◽  
Fabrice Edouard Lehoucq
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Electoral Fraud ◽  
Nature Frequency ◽  
The Republic ◽  
American Case

Legal petitions to nullify electoral results comprise a rich source for studying electoral fraud. During a fifty-year period in Costa Rica, parties submitted 120 petitions to Congress, containing more than 1,200 charges of fraud. The petitions reveal that between 1901 and 1938, more than half of such accusations took place in the country's peripheral provinces, where roughly 20 percent of voters lived. They also show that institutional changes helped to shape the nature, frequency, and magnitude of fraud. By the 1940s, the polarization of political competition was accompanied by a geographical redistribution of fraud to the central provinces of the republic, where most of the electorate resided.

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