Minority Group Identification and Intergroup Relations: An Examination of Kurt Lewin's Theory of Jewish Group Identity.

Social Forces ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Irwin D. Rinder ◽  
Jack Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Group Identification

scholarly journals Do humans possess an autonomous system justification motivation? A pupillometric test of the strong system justification thesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuma Kevin Owuamalam ◽  
Russell Spears
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Autonomous System ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Identity Salience ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Strong System

To investigate the existence of an autonomous system justification motive that guides human behavior, we tested the dissonance-inspired strong system-justification thesis: that the cognitive effort expended to justify societal systems on which people depend, is greater amongst the disadvantaged than amongst the advantaged when their group identities are weak in salience/strength. Using a novel pupil dilation paradigm to tap cognitive effort, we exposed an ethnic minority group (Ntotal = 263) to depictions of their ingroup as disadvantaged or advantaged after they had stated four things they liked about their ethnic group (strong group identity salience) or grandmother (weak group identity salience). We then measured fluctuations in their pupil diameter as they contemplated support for societal systems that were either relevant (high dependency) or irrelevant (low dependency) to their ethnic group. Results revealed that pupil sizes were larger in the group disadvantage condition than in the group advantage condition—indicating greater cognitive effort—but only when group identity was salient (Experiment 1) or when group identification was strong (Experiment 2). These effects occurred only for high dependency systems. Combined, this evidence contradicts the system-justification thesis, and questions the existence of an autonomous system justification motivation in humans.

From Ecological Constraints To Cultural Identities: Pre-Columbian Attitudes toward Food

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Plant Exploitation ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Anthropology Of Food

In archaeology, differences of plant remains between contexts, regions or periods are usually interpreted in terms of social inequality (Bender 1978; van der Veen 2003), political power (Hastorf 1993; Quilter and Stocker 1983), territory exploitation (Rosenberg 1990) and, lately, feasting activities (Dietler and Hayden 2001; Duncan et al. 2009; Hastorf 2003), but rarely in terms of group identification, despite the fact that anthropology has highlighted more than once that food expresses one’s identity better than any material culture (Counihan and Kaplan 1998; Fischler 1985; MacClancy 2004; Montanari 2000; Scholliers 2001). In a comparable way to the faunal exploitation strategies discussed by Fiore et al. in the previous chapter, we propose here that plant exploitation strategies relate not only to factors such as optimality or expediency but also to group identity. Based on models drawn from the anthropology of food (Counihan and Van Esterik 1997; Douglas 1971; Fischler 1988; Goody 1982; Lévi-Strauss 1964, 1997; Mead 1997; Mennell et al. 1992; Mintz 1996) and social psychology of intergroup relations (Tajfel and Turner 1979, 1986), as well as on ethnobotanical examples (Pieroni and Price 2006a), we argue that cultural groups produce, select, and eat different food, and therefore exploit different territories, in order to differentiate themselves from other groups and to build strong group identities. In addition to economic rationality, ecological constraints, or technical limitations, social group alimentary choices may also reflect the need to express positive differentiation from an external group and similarity with those from the same group. Appealing to psychological theories of social identification that explain how individuals’ behaviours are affected by their relationships within their groups, we seek to explain how food choices as an expression of group identity may have shaped environments, created long-distance trade, and in some cases led to environmental overexploitation. In this way social identity concepts (Tajfel and Turner 1979, 1986) can help us to understand the link between trade, exotic products, prestige, and identity and the pivotal role plants may have played in the creation of group identity and in defining intergroup relations.

Effects of deterrence on intensity of group identification and efforts to protect group identity

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pantaleo ◽  
Anca M. Miron ◽  
Mark A. Ferguson ◽  
Scott D. Frankowski
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Group Identification

scholarly journals Walking in My Shoes: Imagined Synchrony Improves Attitudes Towards Out-groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gray Atherton ◽  
Liam Cross
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Group Members

Abstract People are prone to dividing others into the categories of ‘us’ and ‘them’. This can be particularly detrimental to minorities who may experience social exclusion, prejudice, and reduced access to equal opportunities. One method of improving intergroup relations is to create opportunities for contact. Common contact interventions have members of different groups meet and engage in conversation. There are also non-verbal embodied intergroup activities that produce the same effects. Previous work has shown that the pro-social effects of coordination may be linked to whether co-actors are classed as in or out-group members. The current study explored whether imagining walking in synchrony with in- or out-group members changed majority members’ attitudes towards those individuals. Imagining walking in synchrony fostered greater increases in empathy and decreases in negative attitudes only towards minority group members following imagined coordination (not in-groups). Implications and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Expressing Prejudice through the Linguistic Intergroup Bias: Second Language Confidence and Identity among Minority Group Members

2008 ◽  
pp. 109-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Shulman ◽  
Richard Clément1
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Linguistic Intergroup Bias

Abstract The role of verbal communication in the transmission of prejudice has received much theoretical attention (Hecht, 1998; Le Couteur & Augoustinos, 2001), including the features of the linguistic intergroup bias (Maass, Salvi, Arcuri, & Semin, 1989), yet few studies have examined the acquisition of an out-group language as a factor in mitigating prejudicial speech. The conditions under which minority Canadian Francophones use linguistic bias when communicating about the in- and out-group (i.e., Canadian Anglophones) were investigated. Data was collected from 110 Francophone students. Predictions were confirmed but only when out-group identification was considered. Further, out-group identification and second language confidence were both related to a decrease in out-group derogation; however, the same factors appear to promote linguistically biased speech toward the in-group. Results are discussed within current intergroup communication theory.

scholarly journals Attitudes Toward Multiculturalism and Assimilation and Contact with Members of Outgroup

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Sheruze Osmani Ballazhi ◽  
Safet Ballazhi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Group Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
Intergroup Attitude ◽  
The City

Multicultural societies face the challenge of advancing intergroup relations. The group status in the society determines the presence of attitudes as well as mutual intergroup relations. The outgroup contact is one of the opportunities that assists the advancement of relations in the society.The goal of this study is to examine the differences of attitudes toward multiculturalism and assimilation in the majority and minority groups, and to which level we can predict the attitudes toward multiculturalism and assimilation based on the ethnic identity and contact with outgroup members. In this esearch, 361 youngsters are included. They are eighth and ninth grade students from five elementary schools in the city of Tetova, R. Macedonia. Of them, 166 study in Macedonian language, 195 in Albanian. To see the difference between the majority and minority group regarding the multicultural and assimilation attitude, t-test was used; for the prediction of intergroup attitudes, we used regressive analysis. The findings show that the minority group favors more multiculturalism while the majority group favors assimilation. As strong predictors of intergroup attitude, except ethnic identity, ethnic identification and outgroup contact appear as well. In order to advance the intergroup attitudes and relations as well as develop a multicultural society, the presence of outgroup members contact is important.

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