Attitude Toward Community Size as Evidenced by Migratory Behavior, 1935-1940

SUMMARYVaricella occurs at an older age in tropical compared to cold climates. Migrants from tropical countries provide the opportunity to gain insights into observed global differences in varicella epidemiology. Severity of varicella increases with age thus, description of risk factors for varicella susceptibility will identify those who would benefit most from vaccination. A total of 1480 migrants, with a mean age of 32 years, were recruited in the pre-vaccination period (2002–2004) in Montreal, Canada. A questionnaire was administered and serum varicella antibodies were measured. Overall 6% were susceptible and ranged from 0·8% to 14·1% in subgroups. Risk factors for susceptibility were younger age, recent arrival, and originating from a tropical country. This could be modified by conditions that increased the probability of person-to-person spread of varicella through direct contact in source countries such as larger community size or household crowding. Many new young adult migrants would benefit from targeted varicella vaccination programmes.

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Fishing for the genetic basis of migratory behavior

Cell ◽

10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 184 (2) ◽

pp. 303-305

Author(s):

Olivia S. Harringmeyer ◽

Maya L. Woolfolk ◽

Hopi E. Hoekstra

Keyword(s):

Genetic Basis ◽

Migratory Behavior

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Does community size or commute time affect severity of illness at diagnosis or quality of care in a centralized care model of pulmonary hypertension?

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.03.035 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan W. Brunner ◽

Lena Legkaia ◽

Fayez Al-Ahmadi ◽

Lisa Lee ◽

Monica Norena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Quality Of Care ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

Care Model ◽

Community Size ◽

Commute Time ◽

Centralized Care

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Quantifying heterogeneous responses of fish community size structure using novel combined statistical techniques

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1111/gcb.13190 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 1755-1768 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Abigail M. Marshall ◽

Grant R. Bigg ◽

Sonja M. van Leeuwen ◽

John K. Pinnegar ◽

Hua-Liang Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Community ◽

Size Structure ◽

Statistical Techniques ◽

Community Size

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Redundancy in metrics describing the composition, structure, and functioning of the North Sea demersal fish community

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsr188 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 8-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Simon P. R. Greenstreet ◽

Helen M. Fraser ◽

Stuart I. Rogers ◽

Verena M. Trenkel ◽

Stephen D. Simpson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Fish Community ◽

Size Structure ◽

Demersal Fish ◽

Community Size ◽

The North ◽

Management Objectives ◽

The North Sea ◽

Composition Structure ◽

And Function

Abstract Greenstreet, S. P. R., Fraser, H. M., Rogers, S. I., Trenkel, V. M., Simpson, S. D., and Pinnegar, J. K. 2012. Redundancy in metrics describing the composition, structure, and functioning of the North Sea demersal fish community. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 8–22. Broader ecosystem management objectives for North Sea demersal fish currently focus on restoring community size structure. However, most policy drivers explicitly concentrate on restoring and conserving biodiversity, and it has not yet been established that simply restoring demersal fish size composition will be sufficient to reverse declines in biodiversity and ensure a generally healthy community. If different aspects of community composition, structure, and function vary independently, then to monitor all aspects of community general health will require application of a suite of metrics. This assumes low redundancy among the metrics used in any such suite and implies that addressing biodiversity issues specifically will require explicit management objectives for particular biodiversity metrics. This issue of metric redundancy is addressed, and 15 metrics covering five main attributes of community composition, structure, and function are applied to groundfish survey data. Factor analysis suggested a new interpretation of the metric information and indicated that a minimum suite of seven metrics was necessary to ensure that all changes in the general health of the North Sea demersal fish community were monitored properly. Covariance among size-based and species-diversity metrics was low, implying that restoration of community size structure would not necessarily reverse declines in species diversity.

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Effects of Certain Subject Variables on Stanford-Binet Item Performance of Five-Year-Old Children

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1970.26.3.975 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 975-984

Author(s):

Mary Juhan Larsen ◽

Jerry C. Allen

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Test Performance ◽

Intelligence Test ◽

Single Variable ◽

Community Size ◽

Intelligence Level ◽

Performance Differences ◽

Subject Variables ◽

Test Standardization

Item performance on the Stanford-Binet by a sample ( n = 289) of Georgia children (CA = 5) and by equivalent-aged children used in the test standardization was compared in terms of 5 subject variables: race, sex, socioeconomic status, intelligence level, and community size. The Georgia Sample's performance exceeded ( p < .01) the norm group's performance on 62% of the items. The five subject variables were associated with these differences: among levels of the variables, variations occurred in the presence and direction of item performance differences; generally, more than one subject variable influenced item performance. These data affirm that certain variables confound intelligence test performance and that norms based on a single variable, like race, do not eliminate test biases.

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