Cooperatives in the United States--A Balance Sheet. By Maxwell S. Stewart, Case Studies of Consumers' Cooperatives. By H. Haines Turner, Consumers' Cooperatives in the North Central States. By Leonard C. Kercher, Vant W. Kebker, and Wilfred C. Leland, Jr. Edited by Roland S. Vaile, The Consumer Movement. By Helen Sorenson, Introduction to the Cooperative Movement. Edited by Andrew J. Kress, Abstracts of the Laws Pertaining to Cooperation in the United States of America, Its Possessions and Territories. By V. J. Tereshtenko, Project Supervisor. Series A, Part II. Federal Works Agency, Work Projects Administration, Official Report No. 65-1-97-21, Legal Phases of Cooperation. By Bernhard Ostrolenk, Project Director; V. J. Tereshtenko and Research Staff. Series A, Part III. Federal Works Agency, Work Projects Administration, Official Project No. 165-2-97-49 and The Morale of Democracy. By Hon. Jerry Voorhis

Social Forces ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
L. M. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
North Central ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Consumer Movement ◽  
Work Projects Administration

scholarly journals Performance of Landscape Roses Grown with Minimal Input in the North-central, Central, and South-central United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Zlesak ◽  
Randy Nelson ◽  
Derald Harp ◽  
Barbara Villarreal ◽  
Nick Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Plant Hardiness

Landscape roses (Rosa sp.) are popular flowering shrubs. Consumers are less willing or able to maintain landscape beds than in years past and require plants that are not only attractive, but well-adapted to regional climatic conditions, soil types, and disease and pest pressures. Marketing and distribution of rose cultivars occurs on a national level; therefore, it is difficult for U.S. consumers in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 to identify well-adapted, cold-hardy cultivars. Identifying suitable cultivars that have strong genetic resistance to pests and disease and that will tolerate temperature extremes without winter protection in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 is of tremendous value to consumers and retailers in northern states. Twenty landscape rose cultivars, primarily developed in north-central North America, were evaluated at five locations in the United States (three in the north-central United States, one in the central United States, and one in the south-central United States) using the low-input, multiyear Earth-Kind® methodology. Six roses had ≥75% plant survival at the end of the study and were in the top 50% of performers for overall mean horticultural rating at each of the three north-central U.S. sites: ‘Lena’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Ole’, ‘Polar Joy’, ‘Sunrise Sunset’, and ‘Sven’. Five of these six roses met the same criteria at the central United States (exception ‘Lena’) and the south-central United States (exception ‘Polar Joy’) sites. Cultivar, rating time, and their interaction were highly significant, and block effects were not significant for horticultural rating for all single-site analyses of variance. Significant positive correlations were found between sites for flower number, flower diameter, and overall horticultural rating. Significant negative correlations were found between flower number and diameter within each site and also between black spot (Diplocarpon rosae) lesion size from a previous study and overall horticultural rating for three of the five sites. Cane survival ratings were not significantly correlated with overall horticultural rating, suggesting some cultivars can experience severe winter cane dieback, yet recover and perform well. Data from this study benefit multiple stakeholders, including nurseries, landscapers, and consumers, with evidence-based regional cultivar recommendations and breeders desiring to identify regionally adapted parents.

Nafta Chapter Eleven Arbitral Tribunal: Methanex Corporation V. United States of America, Final Award on Jurisdiction and Merits

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1345-1464 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
The North ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Gasoline Additive

The Claimant, Methanex Corporation (“Methanex“), initiated this arbitration against the Respondent, the United States of America (the “USA“), on 3rd December 1999 under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA“), as a Canadian investor. As formulated in its Original Statement of Claim of 3rd December 1999, Methanex claimed compensation from the USA in the amount of approximately US$ 970 million (together with interest and costs), resulting from losses caused by the State of California's ban on the sale and use of the gasoline additive known as ‘ ‘MTBE'’ (methyl tertiary-butyl ether) which was then intended to become legally effective on 31st December 2002. MTBE is a synthetic, volatile, colourless and organic ether, with a turpentine-like taste and odour. Methanex was (and remains) the world's largest producer of methanol, a feedstock for MTBE. It has never produced or sold MTBE.

scholarly journals Community Composition, Abundance, and Phenology of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1722-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela T Pezzini ◽  
Christina D DiFonzo ◽  
Deborah L Finke ◽  
Thomas E Hunt ◽  
Janet J Knodel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North

Abstract Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are an increasing threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) production in the North Central Region of the United States, which accounts for 80% of the country’s total soybean production. Characterization of the stink bug community is essential for development of management programs for these pests. However, the composition of the stink bug community in the region is not well defined. This study aimed to address this gap with a 2-yr, 9-state survey. Specifically, we characterized the relative abundance, richness, and diversity of taxa in this community, and assessed phenological differences in abundance of herbivorous and predatory stink bugs. Overall, the stink bug community was dominated by Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), C. hilaris and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were more abundant in the northwestern, southeastern and eastern parts, respectively, of the North Central Region of the United States. Economically significant infestations of herbivorous species occurred in fields in southern parts of the region. Species richness differed across states, while diversity was the same across the region. Herbivorous and predatory species were more abundant during later soybean growth stages. Our results represent the first regional characterization of the stink bug community in soybean fields and will be fundamental for the development of state- and region-specific management programs for these pests in the North Central Region of the United States.

Codification and Automation of Psychiatric Data: the CAPRICE System

1973 ◽  
Vol 123 (575) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Check List ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Patient’S Experience ◽  
Comprehensive Listing ◽  
Psychiatric State

In the United States of America, many centres are now running automated data programmes in the psychiatric field (Kline and Laska, 1968; Ulett and Sletten, 1971). In Britain, such developments have been much more restricted; prominent examples however are the North-East Scotland psychiatric register, and the Maudsley Hospital—Institute of Psychiatry check-list, together with the Camberwell register. As a clinical itemization, the ‘Present Psychiatric State’ (Wing et al., 1967) presents a comprehensive listing of over 400 symptoms, the evaluation being confined to the previous four weeks of the patient's experience. This is a valuable research tool, but for routine clinical history requirements it would be both too detailed and, by definition, too limited in scope.

Resuscitation and Surgery for Soldiers of the American Civil War (1861–1865)

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Watson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
United States Army ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The North ◽  
Surgical History ◽  
History Of

On June 2, 1862, William A. Hammond, Surgeon General of the United States Army, announced the intention of his office to collect material for the publication of a “Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion (1861–1865)” (1), usually called the Civil War of the United States of America, or the War Between the Union (the North; the Federal Government) and the Confederacy of the Southern States. Forms for the monthly “Returns of Sick and Wounded” were reviewed, corrected and useful data compiled from these “Returns” and from statistics of the offices of the Adjutant General (payroll) and Quartermaster General (burial of decreased soldiers).

Interannual variability of crop residue potential in the north central region of the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Chintala ◽  
Michael C. Wimberly ◽  
Gemechis D. Djira ◽  
Mirela G. Tulbure
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
The United States ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Occurrence of Bacterial Spot on Pumpkin and Squash Fruit in the North Central Region of the United States and Bacteria Associated with the Spots

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2377-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Abbasali Ravanlou ◽  
Mohammad Babadoost
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North

Since 2006, a bacterial spot disease has been widely observed on pumpkin and squash fruit in the North Central region (NCR) of the United States. Surveys were conducted during 2011 to 2013 to determine the occurrence of the disease on pumpkin and winter squash in the NCR. In each state, at least five commercial pumpkin and squash fields were visited each year within 3 weeks of harvest, and 60 fruit were inspected in each field. In nine states surveyed, 217 of 245 fields had fruit with bacterial spot. The average incidence of the symptomatic fruit in all pumpkin fields surveyed was 27.1, 30.3, and 25.3% in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. The average incidence of fruit with bacterial spot in all squash fields surveyed was 20.2% in 2012 and 16.9% in 2013. The incidence of symptomatic fruit was more than 90% in some fields. Xanthomonas cucurbitae and non-X. cucurbitae bacteria were isolated from all of the symptomatic fruit collected. X. cucurbitae was identified based on colony characteristics on yeast extract-dextrose-CaCO3 agar, a polymerase chain reaction test using primers RST2 and RST3, and pathogenicity on pumpkin leaves. All X. cucurbitae isolates tested were pathogenic on ‘Howden’ pumpkin. In total, 312 non-X. cucurbitae isolates were identified into 10 genera based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. None of the non-X. cucurbitae isolates was pathogenic on Howden. In vitro studies of interactions between non-X. cucurbitae and X. cucurbitae showed that Pantoea isolates had antagonistic activity against X. cucurbitae. Identified Pantoea agglomerans showed the highest antagonistic activity against X. cucurbitae.

scholarly journals Impact of Management Practices on Prevalence of Soybean Sclerotinia Stem Rot in the North-Central United States and on Farmers' Decisions Under Uncertainty

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1048-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Mila ◽  
A. L. Carriquiry ◽  
J. Zhao ◽  
X. B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Attainable Yield

Regional prevalence of soybean Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, was modeled using management practices (tillage, herbicide, manure and fertilizer application, and seed treatment with fungicide) and summer weather variables (mean monthly air temperature and precipitation for the months of June, July, August, and September) as inputs. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the probability of stem rot prevalence with disease data from four states in the north-central region of the United States (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Ohio). Goodness-of-fit criteria indicated that the resulting model explained well the observed frequency of occurrence. The relationship of management practices and weather variables with soybean yield was examined using multiple linear regression (R 2 = 0.27). Variables significant to SSR prevalence, including average air temperature during July and August, precipitation during July, tillage, seed treatment, liquid manure, fertilizer, and herbicide applications, were also associated with high attainable yield. The results suggested that SSR occurrence in the north-central region of the United States was associated with environments of high potential yield. Farmers' decisions about SSR management, when the effect of management practices on disease prevalence and expected attainable yield was taken into account, were examined. Bayesian decision procedures were used to combine information from our model (prediction) with farmers' subjective estimation of SSR incidence (personal estimate, based on farmers' previous experience with SSR incidence). MAXIMIN and MAXIMAX criteria were used to incorporate farmers' site-specific past experience with SSR incidence, and optimum actions were derived using the criterion of profit maximization. Our results suggest that management practices should be applied to increase attainable yield despite their association with high disease risk.

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