scholarly journals Technological Change, Sectoral Shifts and the Distribution of Earnings: A Human Capital Model

Economica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (244) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian R. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Sectoral Shifts ◽  
Human Capital Model

scholarly journals HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Snitko ◽  
Yevheniia Zavhorodnia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The development of a modern economy, in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, is impossible without the accumulation and development of human capital, since the foundation of the transformation of the economic system in an innovative economy is human capital. In this regard, the level of development and the efficiency of using human capital are of paramount importance. This article attempts to assess the role of human capital in the fourth industrial revolution. In the future, human talent will play a much more important role in the production process than capital. However, it will also lead to a greater division of the labor market with a growing gap between low-paid and high-paid jobs, and will contribute to an increase in social tensions. Already today, there is an increase in demand for highly skilled workers, especially in high-income countries, with a decrease in demand for workers with lower skills and lower levels of education. Analysis of labor market trends suggests that the future labor market is a market where there is simultaneously a certain demand for both higher and lower skills and abilities, combined with the devastation of the middle tier. The fourth industrial revolution relies heavily on the concept of human capital and the importance of finding complementarity between human and technology. In assessing the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, the relationship between technology, economic growth and human resources was examined. The analysis was carried out in terms of three concepts of economic growth, technological change and human capital. Human capital contributes to the advancement of new technologies, which makes the concept of human capital an essential factor in technological change. The authors emphasize that the modern economy makes new demands on workers; therefore it is necessary to constantly accumulate human capital, develop it through continuous learning, which will allow the domestic economy to enter the trajectory of sustainable economic growth. The need to create conditions for a comprehensive increase in the level of human capital development is noted.

Working effectively and living contentedly in a foreign country: what human capital do expatriates require and develop?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimara Valk
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Country ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Capital Model ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
The Right

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the human capital (HC) expatriates require and develop during an international assignment (IA) to work effectively and live contentedly in a host country.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research entailing interviews with 78 expatriates and repatriates across the globe, investigating the competencies they developed and the HC they gained during their IAs.FindingsFive interrelated competence clusters were derived: cultural competence (CC); interpersonal competence; intrapersonal competence; global business competence; global leadership competence, each containing competencies crucial for expatriate success.Research limitations/implicationsThis study relied on self-reports by expatriates and repatriates. Future research should also include senior/line managers and chief human resource officers from a range of organizations across the world to gather their assessments on the competencies and HC of expatriates and repatriates.Practical implicationsLine/HR managers can use the designed “Expatriate/Repatriate Human Capital model” to assess an individual's overall readiness and capacity to perform effectively in a foreign country and culture and consecutively identify and select the right candidates to undertake IAs.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by presenting a HC model called the “Expatriate and Repatriate Human Capital Model; the body of competence”. The model identifies and defines the competencies/knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics (KSAOs) required for intercultural effectiveness and expatriate success and serves as a tool for the selection, training, development and performance evaluation of expatriates and repatriates, in order to aid the accomplishment of individual and organizational objectives.

Knowledge-Based E-Learning in Virtual Enterprises

2010 ◽  
pp. 795-799
Author(s):  
Ana C. Andrés del Valle
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Virtual Enterprises ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Technical Skills Training

Virtual enterprises, like their traditional counterparts, face the challenge of surviving in an ever evolving market. Virtual enterprises are characterized by their distributed nature. Processes and resources are assigned over a network of specialized enterprises. Their survival is dependent on individual performances as well as the performance of the global network. Knowledge is the most valuable resource in adapting to technological change. Sainz (2002) clearly states it saying: the human capital is not only a factor utilized for goods production but also the agent that generates and implements the technological change in a company. So managing this “human capital” involves understanding their capabilities (knowledge) and fostering their technical skills (training) (Allee, 1997). This paper develops the concept of knowledge-based e-learning. We will go over the basics of e-learning and will offer the reader some of the latest joint knowledge- management/e-learning strategies to ensure high performance by virtual enterprises.

scholarly journals Human Capital Formation During the First Industrial Revolution: Evidence from the use of Steam Engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra de Pleijt ◽  
Alessandro Nuvolari ◽  
Jacob Weisdorf
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Synthetic Indicator ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rock Strata ◽  
Carboniferous Rock

Abstract We examine the effect of technical change on human capital formation during England's Industrial Revolution. Using the number of steam engines installed by 1800 as a synthetic indicator of technological change and occupational statistics to measure working skills (using HISCLASS), we establish a positive correlation between the use of steam engines and the share of skilled workers at the county level. We use exogenous variation in carboniferous rock strata (containing coal to fuel the engines) to show that the effect was causal. While technological change stimulated the formation of working skills, it had an overall negative effect on the formation of primary education, captured by literacy and school enrolment rates. It also led to higher gender inequality in literacy.

scholarly journals Delayed Graduation and Overeducation in Italy: A Test of the Human Capital Model Versus the Screening Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Aina ◽  
Francesco Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Capital Model ◽  
Model Versus

Abstract Exploiting the human capital versus screening hypothesis frameworks, this paper studies the link between delayed graduation and overeducation, and their effect on wages, by using the ISFOL-Plus data. The evidence lines towards predictions based on the signalling model. However, as to the determinants of overeducation the coefficient of delayed graduation is significant only for delays of 3 years or more and also controlling for the entire set of covariates. This suggests that delay conveys a signal of low skill.

scholarly journals Between the colonial heritage and the first globalization boom: on income inequality in the Southern Cone

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Bértola ◽  
Cecilia Castelnovo ◽  
Javier Rodríguez ◽  
Henry Willebald
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
South America ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Structural Feature ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Institutional Persistence ◽  
Primary Goods

AbstractThis paper presents a first estimate of income inequality in the Southern Cone of South America (Brazil 1872 and 1920, Chile 1870 and 1920, Uruguay 1920) and some assumptions with regard to Argentina (1870 and 1920) and Uruguay (1870). We find that income distribution was relatively high on the eve of the first globalization boom. Thus, inequality is not only the result of globalization, but also a structural feature. Inequality increased between 1870 and 1920, both within individual countries and between countries. Globalization forces do not result in obvious outcomes. Rather, the effect of globalization on inequality depends on the expansion of the frontier and institutional persistence and change in old and new areas. Inequality was clearly high in the wake of the globalization process. This was a particular kind of inequality, which was part of a set of institutions closely linked to the exports of primary goods, sluggish technological change and limited human capital formation.

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