scholarly journals Phase II: The U.S. Experiment with an Incomes Policy

1972 ◽  
Vol 1972 (2) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Incomes Policy ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Enrollment of Racial/Ethnic Minorities in NIAID-Funded Networks of HIV Vaccine Trials in the United States, 1988 to 2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaston Djomand ◽  
Joanna Katzman ◽  
Dante diTommaso ◽  
Michael G. Hudgens ◽  
George W. Counts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Phase I Trials ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Minority Participants ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The U.S

Objective. The purpose of this study was to analyze enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities in Phase I and Phase II HIV vaccine trials in the U.S. conducted by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)-funded networks from 1988 to 2002. Methods. A centralized database was searched for all NIAID-funded networks of HIV vaccine trial enrollment data in the U.S. from 1988 through 2002. The authors reviewed data from Phase I or Phase II preventive HIV vaccine trials that included HIV-1 uninfected participants at low to moderate or high risk for HIV infection based on self-reported risk behaviors. Of 66 identified trials, 55 (52 Phase I, 3 Phase II) met selection criteria and were used for analyses. Investigators extracted data on participant demographics using statistical software. Results. A total of 3,731 volunteers enrolled in U.S. NIAID-funded network HIV vaccine trials from 1988 to 2002. Racial/ethnic minority participants represented 17% of the overall enrollment. By pooling data across all NIAID-funded networks from 1988 to 2002, the proportion of racial/ethnic minority participants was significantly greater (Fisher's exact test p-value <0.001) in Phase II trials (278/1,061 or 26%) than in Phase I trials (347/2,670 or 13%). By generalized estimating equations, the proportion of minorities in Phase I trials increased over time ( p=0.017), indicating a significant increase in racial/ethnic minority participants from 1988 to 2002. Conclusions. There has been a gradual increase in racial/ethnic minority participation in NIAID-funded network HIV vaccine trials in the U.S. since 1988. In the light of recent efficacy trial results, it is essential to continue to increase the enrollment of diverse populations in HIV vaccine research.

scholarly journals Assessing Surgical Task Load and Performance: A Comparison of Simulation and Maritime Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 599-609
Author(s):  
Holly V Spitzer ◽  
Tuan Hoang ◽  
Eric Pierce ◽  
Reginald J Franciose ◽  
Matthew Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Naval Ship ◽  
Vessel Motion ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Introduction This study examined the effects of simulated and actual vessel motion at high seas on task load and surgical performance. Methods This project was performed in phases. Phase I was a feasibility study. Phase II utilized a motion base simulator to replicate vessel motion. Phase III was conducted aboard the U.S. Naval Ship Brunswick. After performing surgical tasks on a surgical simulation mannequin, participants completed the Surgical Task Load Index (TLX) designed to collect workload data. Simulated surgeries were evaluated by subject matter experts. Results TLX scores were higher in Phase III than Phase II, particularly at higher sea states. Surgical performance was not significantly different between Phase II (84%) and Phase III (89%). Simulated motions were comparable in both phases. Conclusions Simulated motion was not associated with a significant difference in surgical performance or deck motion, suggesting that this simulator replicates the conditions experienced during surgery at sea on the U.S. Naval Ship Brunswick. However, Surgical TLX scores were dramatically different between the two phases, suggesting increased workload at sea, which may be the result of time at sea, the stress of travel, or other factors. Surgical performance was not affected by sea state in either phase.

Integrated Testing of the Full Authority Digital Control and Redundant Independent Mechanical Start System for the U.S. Navy’s DDG-51 Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator Sets

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Kozuhowski ◽  
Matthew G. Hoffman ◽  
C. David Mako ◽  
Leonard L. Overton ◽  
William E. Masincup
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Digital Control ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Navy and Allison Engine Company successfully completed a second round of testing which integrated a new Woodward Governor Full Authority Digital Control (FADC) system for gas turbine control and a Redundant Independent Mechanical Start System (RIMSS). This integrated system will be installed on Allison Model AG9140 Ship Service Gas Turbine Generators (SSGTGs) on hull numbers DDG-86 and follow of the U.S. Navy’s Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) class destroyers. The Full Authority Digital Control (FADC) Local Operating Panel (LOCOP) will be a direct replacement of the original AG9140 LOCOP and will control both the Allison 501-K34 gas turbine and the RIMSS unit. RIMSS is a gas turbine powered, mechanically coupled start system for the SSGTGs and is designed to replace the high pressure start air system on DDG-51 class ships. This paper describes the FADC and RIMSS systems and details Phase II testing that was conducted on the AG9140 SSGTG located at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division - Ship Systems Engineering Station (NSWCCD-SSES) DDG-51 Land Based Engineering Site (LBES), Figure 1. The test program embodied the second portion of RIMSS testing which included the addition of the final prototype FADC control system. The test agenda included electric plant operations with the FADC and a second 500 start endurance test of RIMSS. The primary objective of Phase II testing was to evaluate the FADC control system and to further validate engine life predictions for the RIMSS engine.

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

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