Approximate Small-Sample Distributions for Multivariate Two-Sample Nonparametric Tests

Biometrics ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Bradley ◽  
Kantilal M. Patel ◽  
Dennis D. Wackerly
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Small Sample

Comparison of Virtual Reality Visualizations With Traditional Visualizations in Hotel Settings

2020 ◽  
pp. 109634802095706
Author(s):  
Lisa Slevitch ◽  
Tilanka Chandrasekera ◽  
Meghan Drew Sealy
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
South Central ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Time Periods

The objective of the current study was to investigate how virtual reality (VR) visualizations compare with traditional visualizations such as two-dimensional (2D) photos as a marketing tool for hotel websites. The specific research question was “How do VR visualizations compare with 2D photos in terms of (1) affective responses, (2) attitudinal/behavioral responses, and (3) cognitive load—that is, task efforts and experiences associated with technology?” A quasi-experimental study was conducted over two time periods with independent sample pools. A boutique hotel lobby and a guest room were captured in 2D and VR formats. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two types of visualizations. The sample comprised 84 university undergraduate students from the South-Central United States. Nonparametric tests were used to test the proposed hypotheses. There was a statistically significant difference between two visual conditions for several variables—that is, pleasure, satisfaction, word of mouth, and so on. However, those differences were not always consistent between the two time periods. Overall findings suggest that the use of VR visualizations as a promotional tool might not be more effective than traditional photos. Limitations of the study include using students as a proxy for the general population of travelers, small sample size, self-reported measures, and narrow conditional scope. Those limitations should be addressed in future studies.

Small-Sample Behavior of Some Multisample Nonparametric Tests for Scale

1975 ◽  
Vol 70 (352) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Tsai ◽  
B. S. Duran ◽  
T. O. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Small Sample

scholarly journals RANDOMIZATION TESTS OF COPULA SYMMETRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1063
Author(s):  
Brendan K. Beare ◽  
Juwon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Tuning Parameter ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Randomization Tests ◽  
Group Invariance ◽  
Resampling Procedure ◽  
Small Sample Properties ◽  
Symmetry Hypothesis

New nonparametric tests of copula exchangeability and radial symmetry are proposed. The novel aspect of the tests is a resampling procedure that exploits group invariance conditions associated with the relevant symmetry hypothesis. They may be viewed as feasible versions of randomization tests of symmetry, the latter being inapplicable due to the unobservability of marginals. Our tests are simple to compute, control size asymptotically, consistently detect arbitrary forms of asymmetry, and do not require the specification of a tuning parameter. Simulations indicate excellent small sample properties compared with existing procedures involving the multiplier bootstrap.

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