Singing Complexity of the Banded Wren (Thryothorus pleurostictus): Do Switching Rate and Song-Type Diversity Send Different Messages? (Complejidad del Canto de Thryothorus pleurostictus: ¿Envían Diferentes Mensajes las Tasas de Cambio y la Diversidad de Tipos de Canto?)

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-1003
Author(s):  
Laura E. Molles
Keyword(s):  
Song Type ◽  
Switching Rate ◽  
Thryothorus Pleurostictus

scholarly journals Singing Complexity of The Banded Wren (Thryothorus Pleurostictus): Do Switching Rate and Song-Type Diversity Send Different Messages?

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Molles
Keyword(s):  
Constant Level ◽  
Song Type ◽  
Switching Rate ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Delayed Matching ◽  
Focal Male ◽  
Song Types ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Thryothorus Pleurostictus ◽  
Singing Performance

AbstractMost species of songbird possess repertoires of song types or variations that allow singers to vary how they present their songs. “Complexity,” or the amount of variation in a singing performance, has several distinct components that include the number of song types used, variation within song types, and rate of switching between song types. Because singers can control each factor somewhat independently, different components may encode different kinds of information. In a series of interactive playbacks, I presented Banded Wrens (Thryothorus pleurostictus) with stimuli that altered song-type diversity and switching rates independently. My results show that switching rates affect males' aggressive approach responses, with lower switching rates eliciting stronger responses. By contrast, song-type diversity does not appear to affect males' approach responses when switching rates are held at a high and constant level. Although focal male switching rates and song-type diversity are not strongly influenced by playback type, males frequently respond to high-diversity playback with delayed matches. Delayed matching entails using one or more of the same song types from the playback, without immediate song- type matching. Although delayed matches occurred at levels above chance during high-diversity playbacks, focal males appeared to avoid them during other types of playback; immediate matches were rare and repertoire matches frequent for all playback treatments. Overall, males' responses to the three playback stimuli suggest that switching rate and song-type diversity encode different messages.Complejidad del Canto de Thryothorus pleurostictus: ¿Envían Diferentes Mensajes las Tasas de Cambio y la Diversidad de Tipos de Canto?

scholarly journals Car2Car Communication Using a Modulated Backscatter and Automotive FMCW Radar

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3656
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazaro ◽  
Marc Lazaro ◽  
Ramon Villarino ◽  
David Girbau ◽  
Pedro de Paco
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Switching Rate ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Time Signals ◽  
Video Sensors ◽  
24 Ghz

This work proposes the use of a modulated tag for direct communication between two vehicles using as a carrier the wave emitted by an FMCW radar installed in the vehicle for advanced driver assistance. The system allows for real-time signals detection and classification, such as stop signal, turn signals and emergency lights, adding redundancy to computer video sensors and without incorporating additional communication systems. A proof-of-concept tag has been designed at the microwave frequency of 24 GHz, consisting of an amplifier connected between receiving and transmitting antennas. The modulation is performed by switching the power supply of the amplifier. The tag is installed on the rear of the car and it answers when it is illuminated by the radar by modulating the backscattered field. The information is encoded in the modulation switching rate used. Simulated and experimental results are given showing the feasibility of the proposed solution.

Achieving of sandwich-like laminated composite materials for robust superhydrophobicity, rapid photochromism and photo-mask writable media

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofeng Zhang ◽  
Linqi Huang ◽  
Fuchao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Switching Rate ◽  
Lotus Leaf ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Laminated Composite Materials ◽  
Photochromic Materials ◽  
Poor Stability

Photochromic materials with anti-water properties have impressed practical values, but their applications are severely hindered by poor stability and slow colour-switching rate. Inspired by the superhydrophobicity of lotus leaf and...

The effect of working gas pressure on the switching rate of a kivotron

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Bokhan ◽  
P. P. Gugin ◽  
D. E. Zakrevsky ◽  
M. A. Lavrukhin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Switching Rate

scholarly journals Sub-optimal Discontinuous Current-Clamp switching rates lead to deceptive mouse neuronal firing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Manuel
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Intracellular Recordings ◽  
Optimal Switching ◽  
Switching Rate ◽  
Current Clamp ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Cell Excitability

AbstractIntracellular recordings using sharp microelectrodes often rely on a technique called Discontinuous Current-Clamp to accurately record the membrane potential while injecting current through the same microelectrode. It is well known that a poor choice of DCC switching rate can lead to under-or over-estimation of the cell potential, however, its effect on the cell firing is rarely discussed. Here, we show that sub-optimal switching rates lead to an overestimation of cell excitability. We performed intracellular recordings of mouse spinal motoneurons and recorded their firing in response to pulses and ramps of current in Bridge and DCC mode at various switching rates. We demonstrate that using an incorrect (too low) DCC frequency leads not only to an underestimation of the input resistance, but also, paradoxically, to an artificial overestimation of the firing of these cells: neurons fire at lower current, and at higher frequencies than at higher DCC rates, or than the same neuron recorded in Bridge mode. These effects are dependent on the membrane time constant of the recorded cell, and special care needs to be taken in large cells with very short time constants. Our work highlights the importance of choosing an appropriate DCC switching rate to obtain not only accurate membrane potential readings but also an accurate representation of the firing of the cell.Significance StatementDiscontinuous Current-Clamp is a technique often used during intracellular recordings in vivo. However, incorrect usage of this technique can lead to incorrect interpretations. Poor choice of the DCC switching rate can lead to under- or over-estimation of the cell potential. In addition, we show here that sub-optimal switching rates lead to an overestimation of the cell excitability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document