Showdown in South America: James Scrymser, John Pender, and United States–British Cable Competition

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Britton ◽  
Jorma Ahvenainen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Submarine Cable ◽  
The West ◽  
Cable System

The British dominated the world's submarine cable business over the second half of the nineteenth century, but they encountered significant challenges in the 1880s and 1890s—especially from James Scrymser, an upstart entrepreneur from New York. Scrymser exploited a strategic gap in the cable system in the Western Hemisphere and became locked in a confrontation along the west coast of South America with John Pender, the leading British cable magnate. Scrymser gained the upper hand in Chile by outmaneuvering Pender and used this victory to expand his operations with the telegraph network that linked South America, North America, and Europe.

scholarly journals Collections, Compilations, and Convolutes of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscript Fragments in North America before ca. 1900

Fragmentology ◽  
10.24446/dlll ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 73-139
Author(s):  
Scott Gwara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
New York University ◽  
Historical Society ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Public Exhibition

Using evidence drawn from S. de Ricci and W. J. Wilson’s Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, American auction records, private library catalogues, public exhibition catalogues, and manuscript fragments surviving in American institutional libraries, this article documents nineteenth-century collections of medieval and Renaissance manuscript fragments in North America before ca. 1900. Surprisingly few fragments can be identified, and most of the private collections have disappeared. The manuscript constituents are found in multiple private libraries, two universities (New York University and Cornell University), and one Learned Society (Massachusetts Historical Society). The fragment collections reflect the collecting genres documented in England in the same period, including albums of discrete fragments, grangerized books, and individual miniatures or “cuttings” (sometimes framed). A distinction is drawn between undecorated text fragments and illuminated ones, explained by aesthetic and scholarly collecting motivations. An interest in text fragments, often from binding waste, can be documented from the 1880s.

Xiphinema rivesi. [Distribution map].

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso. Enoplea: Dorylaimida: Longidoridae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Egypt), Asia (Iran, Pakistan), Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Canary Islands), North America (Canada, Ontario, Quebec, Prince Edward Island, Guadeloupe, United States, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia), Oceania (Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Samoa, Tonga), South America (Argentina, Chile, Peru).

New early Eocene marine gastropods from Baja California Sur, Mexico

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Squires ◽  
Robert Demetrion
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
The West ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Molluscan Fauna

Three gastropod species are described from a previously unknown shallow-marine molluscan fauna in the lower Eocene Bateque Formation, southwest of San Ignacio, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Velates batequensis n. sp., a commonly occurring neritid in the Bateque, is the only ribbed Velates known from the Western Hemisphere. The fairly rare Platyoptera pacifica n. sp. is the earliest record of this strombid genus and its first occurrence on the west coast of North America. The very rare Cypraedia sp. is also the first occurrence of this cypraeid-like genus on the west coast of North America.

Tomato mottle mosaic virus. [Distribution map].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Tomato mottle mosaic virus. Virgaviridae: Tobamovirus. Hosts: pepper (Capsicum annuum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and other Solanaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Gansu, Hainan, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Iran, Israel), Europe (Spain), North America (Mexico, United States, California, Florida, New York, South Carolina), South America (Brazil, Sao Paulo).

Asian American and Pacific Island Modernist Art

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Wolf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Asian American ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
American Artists

Artists of Asian descent made substantial contributions to the artistic culture of the United States, incorporating practices that were different from the European-based traditions—like painting with water-soluble pigments rather than oil paint, choosing Asian subjects, and signing their works in the Asian fashion. Coming across the Pacific Ocean, some immigrants settled in Hawaii where Isami Doi, born of Japanese parents, became an influential artist. Doi typifies characteristics that are found in many Asian American artists in that he excelled at several media: printmaking, painting, and jewelry design. And he traveled extensively, spending time in Paris and over a decade in New York. The West Coast of the United States became a center for people coming across the Pacific, and major cities like Seattle, San Francisco, and Los Angeles developed Asian communities with active artistic cultures. Chinese immigrants were drawn to the San Francisco area because of the economic boom around the gold rush and the building of the railroads, but they also inspired prejudice, and harsh immigration laws were enacted in 1888. This halted immigration from China and bolstered it from Japan, until another law in 1924 restricted that as well. Yun Gee, of Chinese descent, in San Francisco made aggressively modern, brightly colored, and geometrically abstracted portraits before moving to Paris and then New York where his style became more expressionistic. The Asian communities in Seattle and Los Angeles included artists who worked in photography as well as painting, and some moved further east across the United States to pursue their careers in the Midwest or, more commonly, New York, the artistic center of the country. In the 1920s and 1930s, Yasuo Kuniyoshi became well known in the New York art world for his sensitively handled, sometimes humorous, sometimes erotic paintings and prints. Nevertheless, he and his peers who were born in Asia were forbidden by law from becoming citizens, something he desired, as his entire artistic career was in the United States. The sculptor Isamu Noguchi came to prominence after being nurtured by some of the Japanese American artists in Kuniyoshi’s circle, particularly Itaro Ishigaki. Noguchi is best known for the organically shaped carved stone sculptures he made after World War II, but he was also famous as a designer of modernist furniture and lamps using Japanese materials. Both he and Kuniyoshi suffered after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, while on the West Coast Japanese Americans were herded into detention camps, often losing their jobs and their homes in the process. Chiura Obata, for example, was removed from his prestigious teaching position at the University of California at Berkeley and put in a camp where he taught art. There he switched from making luminous landscapes of Yosemite to painting camp scenes of confinement and regimentation—once he was allowed to paint at all. The postwar years were a period of recovery, and new generations of Asian American artists emerged, exploring abstract styles and creating new incarnations of the multicultural art that was pioneered in the works of their Asian American predecessors.

The Mean Pressure of the Atmosphere, and the Prevailing Winds for the Months and for the Year. Part II

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 523-524
Author(s):  
Alexander Buchan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
The Mean

In Part I., read 16th March 1868, in which was discussed the Mean Pressure of the Atmosphere over the Globe for July, January, and the year, the method by which the Isobaric Charts were constructed was detailed at length. Since March 1868, valuable additional information has been obtained from Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Africa, South America, the west coast of North America, Iceland, and from a few isolated stations in Europe and Asia. The period for the British Islands has been extended so as to include the eleven years from 1857 to 1867.

scholarly journals Russet Burbank: No Ordinary Potato

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
New York State ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
High Yield ◽  
The West

The ‘Russet Burbank’ potato cultivar currently occupies first place in acreage planted in North America and is worth in the United States $1.4 billion annually. It is a sport of ‘Burbank's Seedling’, which was selected by Luther Burbank in 1873. The ancestry of Burbank stems from a plant introduction brought to the United States by the Rev. Chauncey Goodrich of New York State in 1853. The priorities of potato breeding had been transformed by repetitive crop failures caused by the emergence of the plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Modern testing suggests that derivatives of Goodrich’s potatoes were slightly more resistant to Phytophthora. Burbank discovered a single fruit on one of these derivatives, ‘Early Rose’, in his mother’s garden. Taking the 23 true seeds, he nursed them to full-sized plants and selected ultimately No. 15. It produced an unusually high yield of large, very oblong tubers, stored well, and was a good eating potato. Burbank’s life was destined for a long career in California and he attempted to sell the clone to J.H.J. Gregory of Gregory’s Honest Seeds, a successful businessman. Ultimately Gregory agreed to buy it for $150, far less than Burbank wanted, but enough to propel him to California. Gregory named the potato ‘Burbank's Seedling’, which no doubt engendered fame for the entrepreneur. Luther Burbank had been allowed by Gregory to keep 10 tubers, which became the seed source for the ‘Burbank's Seedling’ to spread north and south along the West Coast of North America with a crop value, stated by Burbank, of $14 million in 1914. It is not clear that Luther Burbank prospered from ‘Burbank's Seedling’ in the West. A skin sport with a russet skin was found in Colorado in 1902 and was advertised by a seed company under the name ‘Netted Gem’. ‘Burbank's Seedling’ per se disappeared from commerce and ‘Netted Gem’ slowly increased, finding a special niche in production of French fry potatoes. It is clear that Luther Burbank gained tremendous insight into the dynamics of hybridization in revealing genetic variation from clonally propagated species. During the rest of his career he would use this technique to produce new and amazing forms of numerous food and ornamental species. ‘Burbank's Seedling’ was his entrez into the world of plant breeding.

NATURAL HISTORY ILLUSTRATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Barbara Gates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
American Philosophical Society ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
British Science ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Morgan Library

INTEREST IN VICTORIAN natural history illustration has burgeoned in recent years. Along with handsome, informative shows at the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York (“Picturing Natural History”), at the American Philosophical Society (“Natural History in North America, 1730–1860”), and at the Royal Botanical Gardens in Melbourne (“Nature's Art Revealed”), the year 2003 saw an entire conference devoted to the subject in Florence, Italy. In 2004, the eastern United States was treated to two more fauna- and flora-inspired shows, both dealing specifically with nineteenth-century British science and illustration.

Suicide Prevention in the Americas

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S30-S52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton M. Silverman ◽  
Loraine Barnaby ◽  
Brian L. Mishara ◽  
Daniel J. Reidenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract. The Americas encompass the entirety of the continents of North America and South America, representing 49 countries. Together, they make up most of Earth's western hemisphere. The population is over 1 billion (2006 figure), with over 65 % living in one of the three most populated countries (the United States, Brazil, and Mexico). The Americas have low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Data from this region have not been readily and consistently available. There are several English-speaking Caribbean nations and countries in South America that have not had updated information. This chapter will focus on suicide prevention within North America (United States and Canada), some countries in the Caribbean region, and some countries in South America. Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago have severe issues with pesticide suicide, with average rates of 44.2 (global rank 1); 27.8 (global rank 5) and 13.0 (global rank 41) per 100,000 respectively. Jamaica, however, had one of the lowest rates: 1.2 per 100,000 (global rank 166). General, regional, and country-specific prevention proposals are suggested, highlighting intersectoral, private collaboration, attention to at-risk persons, substance abuse and mental health interventions, training, and reducing access to lethal means.

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