scholarly journals Catalogue of the Coleoptera Common to North America, Northern Asia and Europe, with the Distribution and Bibliography

1889 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Asia

Gondwana and Pangea

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. W. Rogers ◽  
M. Santosh
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Pan African ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Block ◽  
Orogenic Belts

Pangea, the most recent supercontinent, attained its condition of maximum packing at ~250 Ma. At this time, it consisted of a northern part, Laurasia, and a southern part, Gondwana. Gondwana contained the southern continents—South America, Africa, India, Madagascar, Australia, and Antarctica. It had become a coherent supercontinent at ~500 Ma and accreted to Pangea largely as a single block. Laurasia consisted of the northern continents—North America, Greenland, Europe, and northern Asia. It accreted during the Late Paleozoic and became a supercontinent when fusion of these continental blocks with Gondwana occurred near the end of the Paleozoic. The configuration of Pangea, including Gondwana, can be determined accurately by tracing the patterns of magnetic stripes in the oceans that opened within it (chapters 1 and 9). The history of accretion of Laurasia is also well known, but the development of Gondwana is highly controversial. Gondwana was clearly a single supercontinent by ~500 Ma, but whether it formed by fusion of a few large blocks or the assembly of numerous small blocks is uncertain. Figure 8.1 shows Gondwana divided into East and West parts, but the boundary between them is highly controversial (see below). We start this chapter by investigating the history of Gondwana, using appendix SI to describe detailed histories of orogenic belts of Pan-African age (600–500-Ma). Then we continue with the development of Pangea, including the Paleozoic orogenic belts that led to its development. The next section summarizes the paleomagnetically determined movement of blocks from the accretion of Gondwana until the assembly of Pangea, and the last section discusses the differences between Gondwana and Laurasia in Pangea. The patterns of dispersal and development of modern oceans are left to chapter 9, and the histories of continents following dispersal to chapter 10. By the later part of the 1800s, geologists working in the southern hemisphere realized that the Paleozoic fossils that occurred there were very different from those in the northern hemisphere. They found similar fossils in South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, and Australia, and in 1913 they added Antarctica when identical specimens were found by the Scott expedition.

scholarly journals Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 11971-11989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Wei Xu ◽  
Randall V. Martin ◽  
Andrew Morrow ◽  
Sangeeta Sharma ◽  
Lin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Airborne Measurements

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic warming, yet sources of Arctic BC and their geographic contributions remain uncertain. We interpret a series of recent airborne (NETCARE 2015; PAMARCMiP 2009 and 2011 campaigns) and ground-based measurements (at Alert, Barrow and Ny-Ålesund) from multiple methods (thermal, laser incandescence and light absorption) with the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and its adjoint to attribute the sources of Arctic BC. This is the first comparison with a chemical transport model of refractory BC (rBC) measurements at Alert. The springtime airborne measurements performed by the NETCARE campaign in 2015 and the PAMARCMiP campaigns in 2009 and 2011 offer BC vertical profiles extending to above 6 km across the Arctic and include profiles above Arctic ground monitoring stations. Our simulations with the addition of seasonally varying domestic heating and of gas flaring emissions are consistent with ground-based measurements of BC concentrations at Alert and Barrow in winter and spring (rRMSE  < 13 %) and with airborne measurements of the BC vertical profile across the Arctic (rRMSE  = 17 %) except for an underestimation in the middle troposphere (500–700 hPa).Sensitivity simulations suggest that anthropogenic emissions in eastern and southern Asia have the largest effect on the Arctic BC column burden both in spring (56 %) and annually (37 %), with the largest contribution in the middle troposphere (400–700 hPa). Anthropogenic emissions from northern Asia contribute considerable BC (27 % in spring and 43 % annually) to the lower troposphere (below 900 hPa). Biomass burning contributes 20 % to the Arctic BC column annually.At the Arctic surface, anthropogenic emissions from northern Asia (40–45 %) and eastern and southern Asia (20–40 %) are the largest BC contributors in winter and spring, followed by Europe (16–36 %). Biomass burning from North America is the most important contributor to all stations in summer, especially at Barrow.Our adjoint simulations indicate pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the contribution of emissions to the Arctic BC column concentrations, with noteworthy contributions from emissions in eastern China (15 %) and western Siberia (6.5 %). Although uncertain, gas flaring emissions from oilfields in western Siberia could have a striking impact (13 %) on Arctic BC loadings in January, comparable to the total influence of continental Europe and North America (6.5 % each in January). Emissions from as far as the Indo-Gangetic Plain could have a substantial influence (6.3 % annually) on Arctic BC as well.

Future Precipitation-Driven Meteorological Drought Changes in the CMIP5 Multimodel Ensembles under 1.5°C and 2°C Global Warming

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2177-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhao Wu ◽  
Pat J.-F. Yeh ◽  
Yi-Ying Chen ◽  
Bill X. Hu ◽  
Guoru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
North America ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Drought Characteristics

AbstractAnthropogenic forcing is anticipated to increase the magnitude and frequency of precipitation-induced extremes such as the increase in drought risks. However, the model-projected future changes in global droughts remain largely uncertain, particularly in the context of the Paris Agreement targets. Here, by using the standardized precipitation index (SPI), we present a multiscale global assessment of the precipitation-driven meteorological drought characteristics at the 1.5° and 2°C warming levels based on 28 CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) under three representative concentration pathways scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). The results show large uncertainties in the timing reaching 1.5° and 2°C warming and the changes in drought characteristics among GCMs, especially at longer time scales and under higher RCP scenarios. The multi-GCM ensemble mean projects a general increase in drought frequency (Df) and area (Da) over North America, Europe, and northern Asia at both 1.5° and 2°C of global warming. The additional 0.5°C warming from 1.5° to 2°C is expected to result in a trend toward wetter climatic conditions for most global regions (e.g., North America, Europe, northern Asia, and northern Africa) due to the continuing increase in precipitation under the more intensified 2°C warming. In contrast, the increase in Df is projected only in some parts of southwest Asia, South America, southern Africa, and Australia. Our results highlight the need to consider multiple GCMs in drought projection studies under the context of the Paris Agreement targets to account for large model-dependent uncertainties.

A Note on the Occurrence of Catallagia dacenkoi Ioff in North America, with the Description of a Nearctic Subspecies (Siphonaptera: Neopsyllidae)

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Holland
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Old World ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Close Affinity ◽  
Central Russia

As the flea fauna of mammals of northern North America becomes better known, its very close affinity with that of temperate and northern Asia becomes more apparent. Many of the genera are holarctic and are associated with holarctic genera of mammals. In a few instances, the fleas of the Old World and the New World are so similar in morphological details and host association that they are regarded as subspecies. For example, Amphipsylla sibirica (Wagner), Malaraeus penicilliger (Grube), Megabothris calcarifer (Wagner), and Hoplopsyllus glacialis (Taschenberg) have representatives in both the nearctic and the palaearctic regions. To this list must now be added Catallagia dacenkoi Ioff, a parasite of Microtinae; this species was described originally (Ioff, 1940, pp. 216-217) from the Altai Mountains of central Russia, and a new subspecies has now been discovered in northern Canada and Alaska.

THE FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA OF SUB-ARCTIC CANADA

1938 ◽  
Vol 16d (5) ◽  
pp. 93-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Mozley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Geographical Elements

A systematic account is given of the constitution, distribution and geographical affinities of the molluscan fauna occurring in fresh waters of sub-arctic Canada. The area covered is that part of western Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta lying north of N. Lat. 49°. A total of 111 species and varieties was collected and identified. Types of habitat available in this region for settlement by molluscs have been classified, and the local distribution of the species in them observed. A brief description of seven principal habitat types, with comments on their fauna in other parts of the sub-arctic region, is followed by a series of examples from specific localities. These molluscan associations, while not necessarily typical, are believed to be representative. The study is concluded with a comparison of the molluscan fauna of northern North America with that of northern Eurasia.Three geographical elements in Canadian sub-arctic Mollusca are: a group of circumboreal species, a large number of strictly North American species, and a group characteristic of this region. An explanation of the close relation between the sub-arctic molluscs and those of the Mississippi drainage probably lies in the geological history of the region. There appears to have been a greater degree of speciation in North America than in northern Asia; the total number of species and varieties in sub-arctic Canada is 111, in northern Asia it is only 50. The explanation may lie partly in the richer source of supply, the greater facility for migration, and the wider range of habitats available in Canada. Thus new species as they arose would find suitable unoccupied habitats more readily. While this is hardly the sole explanation, the existence of some connection between physiography and speciation appears to be reasonable.

A Short Outline of Skiing History1

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
K. B. E. E. Eimeleus
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Altai Mountain ◽  
The West ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
History Of

This chapter briefly details the history of skiing. It begins with skiing's ancient roots and how it was used in everyday life. From skiing's origins in the Baikal and Altai mountain regions, the chapter traces its spread through the nomadic peoples of Northern Asia. From there, skiing traveled east across the Bering Straits into North America and to the west into Sweden and Norway. In present-day Finland, using skis was common earlier than anywhere else in Europe. The ancient epic Kalevala makes clear that the Finns knew how to prepare and use skis early on and that the preparation and use of skis were known to the Finns long ago. Indeed, skiing has passed so deeply into Finland's concept of nationalism that it is an accepted truism that a Finn could catch any type of animal on skis.

Discovering the birds of Europe, I

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. McGhie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Book ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
History Of

This chapter introduces the ‘History of the Birds of Europe’, a great book project initiated by Richard Bowdler Sharpe, in partnership with Dresser. The chapter discusses scientific travellers and fieldwork, and the growth of formal and informal scientific travel through the nineteenth century. It describes the collecting manuals and instructions for collectors that were issued to encourage collectors to produce good-quality specimens that could enter into exchanging networks and museum collections. The chapter explores Dresser’s collecting network by discussing the activities of those who provided him with specimens from Europe, Northern Asia, North America and the Arctic. It emphasises and explores his personal relationships with field collectors.

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