Technology and Decision Making: Some Aspects of the Development of OGAS

Slavic Review ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Conyngham
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Technical Program ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
And Control

During the past decade, the most important large-scale effort to expand the decision-making and control capabilities of the Soviet economic management system has been the scientific-technical program for creating an integrated nationwide management information system. Formally designated as the Obshchegosudarstvennaia sistema sbora i obrabotki informatsii (dannykh) dlia ncheta, planirovaniia i upravleniia narodnym khosiaistvom (All-State System for the Collection and Processing of Information for Reporting, Planning, and Management of the National Economy), the system is more happily described by its acronym OGAS.1 It is an outgrowth of the rapid expansion of the systems approach (particularly its cybernetic expression) to the rationalization of management, and has developed into the technological variant of reform and an evident alternative and successor to the ill-fated economic reforms of 1965. As a system, OGAS has been projected as a solution to many of the fundamental economic, social, and organizational problems resulting from Soviet socioeconomic development.

Effective Statistical Methods for Big Data Analytics

2017 ◽  
pp. 280-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Meng ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Xinlian Zhang ◽  
Abhyuday Mandal ◽  
Wenxuan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Scale Dataset

With advances in technologies in the past decade, the amount of data generated and recorded has grown enormously in virtually all fields of industry and science. This extraordinary amount of data provides unprecedented opportunities for data-driven decision-making and knowledge discovery. However, the task of analyzing such large-scale dataset poses significant challenges and calls for innovative statistical methods specifically designed for faster speed and higher efficiency. In this chapter, we review currently available methods for big data, with a focus on the subsampling methods using statistical leveraging and divide and conquer methods.

Analyzing the IS 2010 Model Curriculum for Evidence of the Systems Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
George Schell ◽  
Richard Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Curriculum Guidelines

The systems approach is frequently associated with solving large-scale, complex problems and is regarded as a foundation for systems engineering and decision-making. Components of the systems approach are too frequently missing from information systems programs in business schools. The purpose of this paper is to determine the degree to which the IS 2010: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs contains the systems approach in its learning objectives as well as specific course content. By examining the curriculum guidelines a preliminary judgment can be made concerning evidence of the systems approach having a broad implementation across information systems programs. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of the systems approach in the IS curriculum and establishing the systems approach as a theme in the curriculum of IS programs.

Developments in Pipeline Instrumentation

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Furness
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Control

Pipelines are an integral part of the world's economy and literally billions of pounds worth of fluids are moved each year in pipelines of varying lengths and diameters. As the cost of some of these fluids and the price of moving them has increased, so the need to measure the flows more accurately and control and operate the line more effectively has arisen. Instrumentation and control equipment has developed steadily in the past decade but not as fast as the computers and microprocessors that are now a part of most large scale pipeline systems. It is the interfacing of the new generation of digital and sometimes ‘intelligent’ instrumentation with smaller and more powerful computers that has led to a quiet but rapid revolution in pipeline monitoring and control. This paper looks at the more significant developments from the many that have appeared in the past few years and attempts to project future trends in the industry for the next decade.

scholarly journals Tenacity in Performance of Small and Mid-cap Mutual Funds in Indian Scenario- In support to Investors Decision

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1088-1091
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Indian Scenario

Mutual funds play a crucial role in financial sector for small-scale and large-scale investors. Within the Indian scenario, there is a need to define criteria to guide the investors in selection between small-caps and mid-caps mutual funds. Although small-caps provide there is always a question of higher market risks compared to mid-caps. So, the work emphasizes on analysis performances of Small caps in comparison with mid-caps that would certainly support decision-making. In the present work a comprehensive assessment of existing mutual funds that involves small and mid-cap with respect to Indian scenario is presented and their performance in the market for the past ten years is analyzed. The study analyses the fund’s performance by considering parameters like market risk, momentum, expenses, size and value. The persistence and decision-making of the investor are discussed with respect to the small and mid-cap funds. In this regard, we have considered the best and worst-performing small and mid-cap funds according to their returns in a overall span of more than 3 years. A comparative analysis between the decision making parameters that are performing and underperforming during this period are considered. In this study, small-caps funds like HDFC small-cap fund, Kotak, DSP small Cap fund and Franklin India Small MF and in parallel, mid-cap funds including Kota Emerging equity, DSP Midcap and Axis Midcap and Franklin India are considered

scholarly journals Accident Report Interpretation

Safety ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Heraghty ◽  
Sidney Dekker ◽  
Andrew Rae
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linear Manner

The language and approach we use to describe the past can have a strong influence on the audience’s interpretation of our story. In our experiment, we explore, using 3 different conditions, how the framing, language and style of an accident report can affect the audience’s proposed solutions to manage the problems found. We find that the approach used to create an accident report can have a powerful influence on the audience’s decision making. Whether we are describing an accident in a linear manner, using a systems approach, or we are accepting of multiple stories which are not linear or coherent, the methods we use to capture and communicate the story have a profound impact on the actions decided upon by the reader.

scholarly journals Accident Report Interpretation: The Power of Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Heraghty ◽  
Sidney Dekker ◽  
Andrew Rae
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Of Language

The language we use to describe the past can have a strong influence on the audience’s interpretation of our story. In our experiment, we explore, using 3 different conditions, how the framing and language of an accident report can affect the audience’s proposed solutions to manage the problems found. We find that the approach used to create an accident report can have a powerful influence on the audience’s decision making. Whether we are describing an accident in a similar manner to a crime, using a systems approach or we are accepting of multiple stories which are not linear or coherent, the methods we use to capture and communicate the story have a profound impact on the actions decided upon by the reader.

COVID-19 Vaccines: Adenoviral Vectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Jacob-Dolan ◽  
Dan H. Barouch
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adenoviral Vectors ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control

The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the unprecedented pace of development of multiple vaccines. This review evaluates how adenovirus (Ad) vector platforms have been leveraged in response to this pandemic. Ad vectors have been used in the past for vaccines against other viruses, most notably HIV and Ebola, but they never have been produced, distributed, or administered to humans at such a large scale. Several different serotypes of Ads encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike have been tested and found to be efficacious against COVID-19. As vaccine rollouts continue and the number of people receiving these vaccines increases, we will continue to learn about this vaccine platform for COVID-19 prevention and control. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Study of Rock-Soil Aggregate’s Shear Strength in Da-Liu Expressway

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 747-752
Author(s):  
Bin Huang ◽  
Xian Ying Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Shakedown Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Important Basis

This study is based on 8 large-scale outdoor tests of rock-soil aggregate in Da-Liu Expressway subgrade construction site.and has got the rock-soil aggregate’s characteristics and strength parameters of deformation. Proposing alternate dry-wet effect should be taken into account in the shakedown analysis of rock-soil aggregate slope. This study provides the necessary basis for the Da-Liu Expressway slope stability analysis and control of Settlement. It also provides an important basis for further research which has been widely used in various projects RM systems approach, especially to determine physical parameters of rock-soil aggregate.

Reducing overuse of PSA screening in primary care practices.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Cara B Litvin
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Primary Care Practices ◽  
And Control

37 Background: The United States Preventive Services Task Force and the American Urological Association both recommend against routine PSA-based screening for prostate cancer in men 70 years and older and, for men younger than 70, recommend shared-decision making to discuss the potential benefits and harms of screening before a PSA is ordered. The HIT-OVERUSE study was a 2 year group randomized study from August 2016 thru July 2018 to test a practice-based intervention to reduce overuse in primary care practices, including avoidance of routine PSA screening without shared decision-making. The purpose of this report is present the impact of this intervention on PSA screening. Methods: Twenty one primary care practices in 19 states volunteered to participate in the study. Prior to randomization, all providers received academic detailing on prostate cancer screening recommendations. Eleven practices randomized to the intervention group then received quarterly performance reports, hosted site visits for participatory planning and sent two practice representatives to a one day meeting to share ‘best practices’. The ten control practices only received performance reports. Changes in PSA testing in the past year (excluding patients with prostate cancer) were compared in control and intervention practices. Results: At the patient level, there was a significantly larger unadjusted reduction in PSA screening in men ages 40 to 69 in the past year between intervention practices (28.6 % to 19.0%) and control practices (16.5% to 12.7%) (p<0.0001). There was also a significantly larger unadjusted reduction in PSA screening in men ages 70 and older in the past year between intervention practices (25.7% to 14.7%) and control practices (21.9% to 15.6%) (p<0.0001). Adjusted changes will also be presented. Conclusions: A practice-based intervention to reduce routine PSA-screening performed without shared decision-making resulted in a greater reduction in PSA screening compared to provision of academic detailing alone. Further research could elucidate whether this type of intervention results in increased shared decision-making conversations with patients.

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