Synthetic Hybrids of Elymus canadensis x Elymus glaucus

1965 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Hybrids ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Elymus Glaucus

Differentiation of H genomes in the genus Critesion: evidence from synthetic hybrids involving Elymus and Critesion and one natural hybrid of C. violaceum and C. bogdanii

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. -C. Wang ◽  
C. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Spike Morphology ◽  
Genome Differentiation ◽  
Synthetic Hybrids ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Elymus Species

Hybrids of Elymus canadensis (2n = 28; SSHH) × Critesion californicum (2n = 14) and E. canadensis × C. bulbosum (2n = 14) were synthesized at relative frequencies of 11.8 and 0.3%, respectively, by the aid of embryo rescue techniques. A natural hybrid was identified as C. violaceum × C. bogdanii (2n = 14) by a combination of karytotype analysis and plant morphology. Gross spike morphology of the hybrids was intermediate to that of the parents. Meiotic chromosome pairings in these hybrids suggested that the genome of C. californicum and C. bogdanii is more or less homologous with one of the two genomes of E. canadensis. Genomes of C. violaceum and C. bulbosum appeared to be different from each other and from those in C. bogdanii and C. californicum. Based on the data in this study and others, the degree of genome differentiation among some Critesion and some Elymus species containing the H genome was examined and discussed. The symbol H is proposed for the genome in C. bogdanii and C. californicum, Hv for C. violaceum, Hb for C. bulbosum, and Hc for C. chilense.Key words: interspecific hybrids, synapsis, phylogeny, Hordeum, Elymus, Critesion.

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL × ELYMORDEUM HYBRIDS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
Artificial Hybrid ◽  
Meiotic Irregularities ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Elymus Glaucus

× Elymordeum Lepage is a validly published name for hybrids of Elymus L. × Hordeum L.; × Hordelymus should not be used as a name for these hybrids. Eight × Elymordeum hybrids are listed in this paper: × Elymordeum dutillyanum Lepage (Elymus mollis subsp. mollis × Hordeum jubatum); × Elymordeumschaackianum hybr. nov. (Elymus hirsutus × Hordeum brachyantherum); × Elymordeumpiperi hybr. nov. (Hordeum jubatum × Elymus triticoides); × Elymordeumdakotense hybr. nov. (Hordeum jubatum × Elymus canadensis); !× Elymordeumtriploideum hybr. nov. (2n = 21) (Hordeum distichon × Elymus racemosus var. racemosus); !× Elymordeumstebbinsianum hybr. nov. (Hordeum brachyantherum × Elymus glaucus); !× Elymordeumberkeleyanum hybr. nov. (Hordeum brachyantherum × Elymus condensatus); and !× Elymordeummontanense (Scribn. in Beal) comb. nov. (Elymus virginicus × Hordeum jubatum). Most specimens of !× Elymordeum montanense are nm. montanense; two specimens with pubescent lemma backs are nm. pubescens nm. nov. The parentages of the four hybrids designated by !× have been experimentally confirmed.Most of the parental species of Elymus and Hordeum were tetraploid (2n = 28); the exception was the diploid, (2n = 14), Hordeum distichon. One artificial hybrid, !× E. triploideum, was from Russia; the other hybrids were natural or artificial hybrids from North America. Seven of the parental species of Elymus and Hordeum are native in North America; two occur in Northeastern Asia and North America, one is native in Central Asia and one parent is a cultivated barley. In natural and artificial F1 × Elymordeum hybrids, the anthers did not dehisce, the pollen was completely bad, and the spikes never set seed.The natural hybrids of !× Elymordeum montanense occur rarely and sporadically from Montana to Nova Scotia. An artificial F1 hybrid was produced in 1954–55 from the cross, Elymus virginicus L. f. virginicus × Hordeum jubatum L. var. jubatum. The artificial hybrid was identical with the natural hybrid from Lower Onslow, Nova Scotia. The hybrids and parental plants were tetraploid, 2n = 28, and there were many meiotic irregularities in the pollen mother cells.

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND TAXONOMIC NOTES ON NORTHERN GRASSES: I. TRIBE TRITICEAE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Sitanion Hystrix ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Tribe Triticeae ◽  
Varietal Name ◽  
Elymus Glaucus

Chromosome numbers and voucher specimens are recorded for some collections of the tribe TRITICEAE Dumort., mainly collected in Canada. The somatic chromosome numbers of the following are recorded: (1) Elymus canadensis L., 2n = 28; (2) Elymus cinereus Scribn. & Merr., 2n = 28 and 2n = 56; (3) Elymus glaucus Buckl., 2n = 28; (4a) Elymus innovatus Beal subsp. innovatus, 2n = 28; (4b) Elymus innovatus Beal subsp. velutinus Bowden, 2n = 56; (5) Elymus wiegandii Fern., 2n = 28; (6) Eremopyrum triticeum (Gaertn.) Nevski, 2n = 14; (7) Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith, 2n = 28; (8) × Agrohordeum macounii (Vasey) Lepage, 2n = 28; (9) × Agroelymushirtiflorus (Hitchc.) Bowden, 2n = 28; and (10) × Agroelymus ungavensis (Louis-Marie) Lepage, 2n = 28. Because var. coreensis Hack. is an earlier varietal name, Elymus mollis Trin. var. coreensis (Hack.) Bowden replaces E. mollis Trin. var. japonicus Bowden as the name for the variety that occurs on the shores of the Sea of Japan.

scholarly journals Computational approach towards the design of artemisinin–thymoquinone hybrids against main protease of SARS-COV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Nunes da Rocha ◽  
Emanuel Paula Magalhães ◽  
Francisco Rogênio da Silva Mendes ◽  
Márcia Machado Marinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Hybrid Products ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Synthetic Hybrids ◽  
Energy Of Interaction ◽  
Relevant Interaction ◽  
High Absorption

Abstract Background The sanitary emergency installed in the world, generated by the pandemic of COVID-19, instigates the search for scientific strategies to mitigate the damage caused by the disease to different sectors of society. The disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, reached 216 countries/territories, where about 199 million people were reported with the infection. Of these, more than 4 million died. In this sense, strategies involving the development of new antiviral molecules are extremely important. The main protease (Mpro) from SARS-CoV-2 is an important target, which has been widely studied for antiviral treatment. This work aims to perform a screening of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of synthetic hybrids from thymoquinone and artemisin (THY-ART) against COVID-19. Results Molecular docking studies indicated that hybrids of artemisinin and thymoquinone showed a relevant interaction with the active fraction of the enzyme Mpro, when compared to the reference drugs. Furthermore, hybrids show an improvement in the interaction of substances with the enzyme, mainly due to the higher frequency of interactions with the Thr199 residue. ADMET studies indicated that hybrids tend to permeate biological membranes, allowing good human intestinal absorption, with low partition to the central nervous system, potentiation for CYP-450 enzyme inhibitors, low risk of toxicity compared to commercially available drugs, considering mainly mutagenicity and cardiotoxicity, low capacity of hybrids to permeate the blood–brain barrier, high absorption and moderate permeability in Caco-2 cells. In addition, T1–T7 tend to have a better distribution of their available fractions to carry out diffusion and transport across cell membranes, as well as increase the energy of interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 target. Conclusions Hybrid products of artemisinin and thymoquinone have the potential to inhibit Mpro, with desirable pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics compared to commercially available drugs, being indicated for preclinical and subsequent clinical studies against SARS-CoV-2. Emphasizing the possibility of synergistic use with currently used drugs in order to increase half-life and generate a possible synergistic effect. This work represents an important step for the development of specific drugs against COVID-19.

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