The Development of the Embryo of Zizania aquatica in the Seed and in Artificial Culture

1938 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl D. LaRue ◽  
George S. Avery
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Zizania Aquatica

Xanthomonas oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Weed Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza sativa. Natural infection of Leersia oryzaides, Leersia oryzaides var. japonica and Zizania latifolia[Zizania aquatica] is known (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1959). Natural infection of Cyperus rotundus and C. difformis was reported in India (48, 460), but inoculation of these hosts in the Philippines failed (48, 1689). By inoculation many wild species of Oryza (45, 1789), Leptochloa filiformis (48, 1689), L. chinensis, L. panacea and Zizania aquatica (48, 1683) have all been found susceptible. DISEASE: Bacterial blight of rice and kresek disease of rice. Blight most commonly appears on leaves of young plants, after planting out, as water-soaked stripes at the margins. These enlarge and coalesce to give the characteristic yellowish lesions with wavy edges that occur mainly along the margins of the upper parts of the leaves. These lesions may later expand to cover much of the leaf, which turns whitish or greyish and dies. Leaf sheaths of the more susceptible varieties may be affected. Kresek, which occurs in tropical regions, is a strong systemic infection in which leaves or whole young plants wither and die. In older plants the leaves become pale yellow. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Limited to Asia (CMI Map 304, ed. 2, 1964). Occurrences not shown on this map include Korea, Taiwan and Indonesia (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Spread locally by wind and rain and also by flood and irrigation waters; gains entry to the field in infected planting material, to the nursery in seed, and to both nursery and field from volunteer rice plants and weed hosts usually via the irrigation water. Overwintering may occur on volunteers, on or in the rhizospheres of weed hosts, in stored infected straw and in seed, but it is unlikely in soil and plant debris exposed to the weather, at least under Japanese conditions (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). Infection is through hydathodes and wounds. Penetration through stomata results in a build-up of bacteria in the intercellular spaces, but it is not until they have been exuded on to the leaf surface and re-admitted through the hydathodes and thence into the vascular system, that symptoms of the disease appear (46, 2720).

The morphology of grain abscission in Zizania aquatica

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (21) ◽  
pp. 2269-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Hanten ◽  
G. E. Ahlgren ◽  
J. B. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

The anatomical development of the abscission zone in grains of Zizania aquatica L. was correlated with development of the embryo. The abscission zone is well developed when the embryo sac is mature. Soon after pollination, the first anatomical evidence of abscission appears as plasmolysis of the separation layer parenchyma cells. This is followed by separation of the layers by dissolution of the middle lamella and fragmentation of cell walls. Persistence of intact vascular tissue and presence of a surrounding cone-shaped mass of lignified cells may be involved in abscission of wild rice grains.

Soft computing approaches to identify cellular quantity of artificial culture bone

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Yagi ◽  
Yoshitetsu Oshiro ◽  
Osamu Ishikawa ◽  
Keisuke Oe ◽  
Yutaka Hata
Keyword(s):  
Soft Computing ◽  
Artificial Culture

Phenomena of Guttation and Autolysis in Artificially Cultured Seed Borne Trichoderma sp. from Dipterocarpus retusus

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-301
Author(s):  
Amar Nath Singh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Wild Mushroom ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Different Sources

The phenomena of the guttation and autolysis have been reported in various wild mushroom species in natural conditions. These have also been reported in various fungi including Trichoderma species from different sources during their artificial culturing. In the present article, these phenomena have been reported and discussed in the case of seed borne Trichoderma species isolated from the seeds of Dipterocarpus retusus and propagated under artificial culture conditions. The process of guttation and the autolysis are reported to have ecological significance to the respective organism in the ecosystem.

Can morphological characters be used to identify the pond-reared offspring of wild Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis, from different basins?

Crustaceana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 957-978
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Jiang ◽  
Xugan Wu ◽  
Haining Wang ◽  
Yuhong Yang ◽  
Yongxu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Chinese Mitten Crab ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Mitten Crabs ◽  
Morphological Differences

Abstract Although morphology is always used to distinguish wild Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) populations, whether morphology could be used to identify the pond-reared offspring of wild E. sinensis populations has remained unclear. This study was undertaken to examine the morphological difference of wild E. sinensis (G0) from the Yangtze River (YR), Huang River (HR) and Liao River (LR) as well as their pond-reared offspring (G1). The results showed that: (1) The amount of significantly different parameters of three G1 populations was evidently less than that of three G0 populations; (2) G0 and G1 individuals of each population were clearly separated by principal component analysis, furthermore, three G0 populations were clearly separated while three G1 populations were not well distinguished from each other; (3) discrimination accuracy of G1 individuals in stepwise discriminant analysis was obviously lower than that of G1 populations; (4) G0 and G1 populations were clustered into two separate clusters in the cluster analysis. In conclusion, morphological differences between wild E. sinensis populations had disappeared after one generation of artificial culture, and morphology thus probably cannot be used to distinguish the pond-reared offspring originated from three wild E. sinensis populations.

scholarly journals The effects of stock enhancement of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Abdolmalaki ◽  
Iwona Psuty
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Stock Enhancement ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Sander Lucioperca ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Abundant Population

Abstract Abdolmalaki, S., and Psuty, I. 2007. The effects of stock enhancement of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 973–980. Annual landings of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea in the early years of its exploitation, the late 1920s and early 1930s, reached some 3000 t. However, after 1935, catches declined drastically through overfishing, declining sea level, and the destruction of spawning grounds in the Anzali Lagoon. In 1990, Iran initiated a programme of artificial culture to enhance the local stock. The aim of the programme was and still is to restore the formerly abundant population of this predatory fish and to increase the profitability of the beach-seine fisheries of fishers who had stopped deploying gillnets, which pose a threat to the valuable species of sturgeon in the Caspian. Analysis of the age composition of pikeperch catches indicates that the use of beach-seines does not prevent overfishing of young pikeperch released as fingerlings in the same calendar year in which the fishing season started. No undersized fish are discarded back into the sea, because there is market demand for even the smallest fish, and a lack of communication exists between the programme beneficiaries and the management and research units. Some 15 years after it was initiated, the effectiveness of stock enhancement at a level of 4–6million fry per year remains uncertain.

Balansia Claviceps in Artificial Culture

Mycologia ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Ullasa
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Culture
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