scholarly journals Presence of paratracheal water storage tissue does not alter vessel characters in cactus wood

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Mauseth ◽  
Brandon J. Plemons-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Tissue

scholarly journals Is Pteropyrum a pathway to C4 evolution in Polygonaceae? An integrative approach to the taxonomy and anatomy of Pteropyrum (C3), an immediate relative of Calligonum (C4)

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Doostmohammadi ◽  
Maryam Malekmohammadi ◽  
Morteza Djamali ◽  
Hossein Akhani
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue

Abstract Pteropyrum is a small genus of Polygonaceae with four species from the arid regions of Iran and adjacent countries. Pteropyrum spp. are not precisely delimitated and are difficult to identify because of their high plasticity in morphological characters. Pteropyrum (C3) has a close affinity to Calligonum (C4) and is therefore a suitable case for C4 evolutionary studies. We investigated the morphology and micromorphology (including pollen morphology) of Pteropyrum and elucidated the phylogenetic relationships with Atraphaxis and Calligonum using nuclear ITS sequences. Characteristics of the photosynthetic tissues such as volume and number of layers of primary carbon assimilation tissues (PCA) and photosynthetic carbon reduction tissue (PCR) were studied. In addition, the leaf and cotyledon anatomical characters of Pteropyrum (C3), Atraphaxis (C3) and Calligonum (C4), and their δ 13C values were compared to look for evolutionary changes in assimilating organs. The molecular phylogenetic tree identifies two strongly supported clades in Pteropyrum and its close relationship with Calligonum, confirming previous studies. Some morphologically similar species belong to different clades, which is probably due to convergent evolution and homoplasy. Leaf anatomical studies show that Atraphaxis has a multilayered mesophyll tissue, whereas Calligonum has one-layered mesophyll cells. The volume and layer number of mesophyll tissue cells decreases, whereas water storage tissue area significantly increases from Atraphaxis to Pteropyrum and Calligonum. This phenomenon confirms previous studies in other lineages with C4 salsoloid anatomy that have evolved through increasing of water storage tissue and succulence of assimilating organs. In the taxonomic part of the paper, a key to identification of accepted taxa of Pteropyrum, description of species and distribution maps are presented based on numerous herbarium specimens and our own rich collections from the field. Four new species are described based on a combination of morphology of seedlings and mature plants, pollen morphology and molecular data. A subspecific classification is suggested to show morpho-geographical variation of Pteropyrum aucheri s.l.

Structural Analysis of Water-Storage Tissue in Leaves of Sansevieria (Agavaceae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Koller ◽  
Thomas L. Rost
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Tissue

Photosynthetic and anatomical characteristics in the C4–crassulacean acid metabolism-cycling plant Portulaca grandiflora

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonnie J. Guralnick ◽  
Gerald Edwards ◽  
Maurice S. B. Ku ◽  
Brandon Hockema ◽  
Vince Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
O2 Evolution ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora

This paper originates from a presentation at the IIIrd International Congress on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia, August 2001. Portulaca grandiflora (Lind.) is a succulent species with C4 photosynthesis and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) cycling in leaves, and CAM-idling type photosynthesis in stems. We investigated the level and localization of carbon fixation enzymes and photosynthetic activity of leaves and stems of P. grandiflora under well-watered and drought conditions. As CAM activity increased during water stress, the leaf water-storage tissue collapsed, presumably transferring water to the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, and so maintaining the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Tissue prints indicated an increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the water-storage tissue of leaves and the cortex of stems. Immunoblot analyses after 10 d of water stress showed that leaves had a slight decrease in the proteins of the C4-CAM pathway, while at the same time a new isoform of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) appeared. In contrast, the stem showed increases in proteins of the CAM pathway when water stressed. Under water stress, diurnal fluctuation in acidity in leaves was not accompanied by a net gain or loss of CO2 at night, and there was sustained, but decreased, fixation of CO2 during the day, characteristic of CAM cycling. High gross rates of O2 evolution were maintained during the day under water stress, suggesting induction of alternative electron sinks. With induced diurnal fluctuations in acidity in stems, there was no net carbon gain during the day or night. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that the stem of P. grandiflora is an inducible CAM-idling tissue. Our results also indicate that the C4 and CAM pathways operate independently of one another in P. grandiflora.

Light transmission in window-leaved plants

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
pp. 1591-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Krulik
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Desert Regions ◽  
Succulent Plants ◽  
Highly Evolved

Window-leaved plants are succulent plants which possess areas of clear epidermis on their leaves. The underlying water storage tissue is transparent to allow light penetration to the internal chlorenchyma. The most highly evolved window-leaved plants with the most transparent tissue grow completely underground in desert regions. Only the rounded leaf tips are level with the soil surface and directly exposed to incident light. Light transmission curves were measured using live windows of five species of plants from three families (Liliaceae, Piperaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae). These results suggest that subterranean window leaves may be limited to a relatively short effective maximum length because of light absorption by the tissues involved. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of these plants show considerable differences in surface structure which may help to modulate incident light. Comparisons with related Mesembryanthemaceae illustrate that a complex series of adaptations have been developed to allow underground growth.

scholarly journals Leaf anatomical adaptation of eighteen mangrove plant species from the Sundarbans in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-911
Author(s):  
Parveen Rashid ◽  
Kishwar Jahan Shethi ◽  
Asfaque Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
Anatomical Adaptations ◽  
Mesohaline Zone ◽  
Anatomical Adaptation

Investigation on leaf anatomical adaptation of 18 mangrove plant species was carried out. Among the 18 species 13 were dorsiventral and five were isobilateral type. All the species had special stomatal structure and variable cuticle layer to minimize transpiration. Most of the species had succulent leaves with leaf thickness ranging from around 232 to 1363 μm. As an indication of salt secretion, both glandular and non-glandular trichomes were observed in several species. Although presence of single to multilayered hypodermis might effectively function as water storage tissue, several studied mangrove plant species e.g. Cynometra ramiflora L., Phoenix paludosa Roxb., Pongamea pinnata (L.) Pierre, Sonneratia apetala Buch. - Ham., S. caseolaris (L.) Engl. and Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) M. Roem. showed complete absence of hypodermis. This might be due to moderate saline condition. In addition, marked terminal tracheids in mesophyll tissue of a number of species might help with capillary water storage within the leaf. To enhance mechanical support several species were found to develop considerable amount of diverse sclereids within the mesophyll tissue and surrounding vascular bundle. Although maximum anatomical adaptations are common for plants growing in saline habitat it may be suggested that these features were differentially developed in plants specifically grown in mesohaline zone.

Identification of water storage tissue in the stem of cowpea plant (Vigna unguliculata Walp) by neutron radiography

1999 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Nakanishi ◽  
K. Don-Jin ◽  
T. Kitamura ◽  
R. Ishii ◽  
M. Matsubayashi
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Radiography ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Cowpea Plant

DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI TPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilda Emilda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The People ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Impact

The limitations of waste management in the Cipayung Landfill (TPA) causing a buildup of garbage up to more than 30 meters. This condition has a health impact on people in Cipayung Village. This study aims to analyze the impact of waste management at Cipayung Landfill on public health in Cipayung Village, Depok City. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, it was found that the most common diseases were diarrhea, then other types of stomach ailments, subsequent itching on the skin and coughing. This is presumably because the environmental conditions in the form of unhealthy air and water and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) have not become the habit of the people. The results indicated that there were no respondents who had implemented all of these criteria. In general respondents have implemented  3 criteria, namely maintaining hair hygiene, maintaining skin cleanliness, and maintaining hand hygiene. While maintaining clean water storage is the most often overlooked behavior. To minimize this health impact, improvements in waste management in Cipayung landfill are needed along with continuous socialization and education to develop PHBS habits and the importance of maintaining a clean environment.

The Methow Beaver Project: the Challenges of an Ecosystem Services Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Philip Brick ◽  
Kent Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Natural Resource Policy ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Climate Conditions

This case explores the Methow Beaver Project (MBP), an ambitious experiment to restore beaver (Castor canadensis) to a high mountain watershed in Washington State, USA. The Pacific Northwest is already experiencing weather regimes consistent with longer term climate projections, which predict longer and drier summers and stronger and wetter winter storms. Ironically, this combination makes imperative more water storage in one of the most heavily dammed regions in the nation. Although the positive role that beaver can play in watershed enhancement has been well known for decades, no project has previously attempted to re-introduce beaver on a watershed scale with a rigorous monitoring protocol designed to document improved water storage and temperature conditions needed for human uses and aquatic species. While the MBP has demonstrated that beaver can be re-introduced on a watershed scale, it has been much more difficult to scientifically demonstrate positive changes in water retention and stream temperature, given hydrologic complexity, unprecedented fire and floods, and the fact that beaver are highly mobile. This case study can help environmental studies students and natural resource policy professionals think about the broader challenges of diffuse, ecosystem services approaches to climate adaptation. Beaver-produced watershed improvements will remain difficult to quantify and verify, and thus will likely remain less attractive to water planners than conventional storage dams. But as climate conditions put additional pressure on such infrastructure, it is worth considering how beaver might be employed to augment watershed storage capacity, even if this capacity is likely to remain at least in part inscrutable.

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