Pollinator Foraging, Experimental Nectar-robbing and Plant Fitness in Impatiens capensis

1985 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zimmerman ◽  
Susan Cook
Keyword(s):  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Nectar Robbing ◽  
Impatiens Capensis

scholarly journals The Sensory and Cognitive Ecology of Nectar Robbing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Richman ◽  
Jessica L. Barker ◽  
Minjung Baek ◽  
Daniel R. Papaj ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Nectar Robbing ◽  
Cognitive Ecology ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Floral Tissue

Animals foraging from flowers must assess their environment and make critical decisions about which patches, plants, and flowers to exploit to obtain limiting resources. The cognitive ecology of plant-pollinator interactions explores not only the complex nature of pollinator foraging behavior and decision making, but also how cognition shapes pollination and plant fitness. Floral visitors sometimes depart from what we think of as typical pollinator behavior and instead exploit floral resources by robbing nectar (bypassing the floral opening and instead consuming nectar through holes or perforations made in floral tissue). The impacts of nectar robbing on plant fitness are well-studied; however, there is considerably less understanding, from the animal’s perspective, about the cognitive processes underlying nectar robbing. Examining nectar robbing from the standpoint of animal cognition is important for understanding the evolution of this behavior and its ecological and evolutionary consequences. In this review, we draw on central concepts of foraging ecology and animal cognition to consider nectar robbing behavior either when individuals use robbing as their only foraging strategy or when they switch between robbing and legitimate foraging. We discuss sensory and cognitive biases, learning, and the role of a variable environment in making decisions about robbing vs. foraging legitimately. We also discuss ways in which an understanding of the cognitive processes involved in nectar robbing can address questions about how plant-robber interactions affect patterns of natural selection and floral evolution. We conclude by highlighting future research directions on the sensory and cognitive ecology of nectar robbing.

scholarly journals Fitness of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Current Knowledge and Implications for Management

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vila-Aiub
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Wide Range

Herbicide resistance is the ultimate evidence of the extraordinary capacity of weeds to evolve under stressful conditions. Despite the extraordinary plant fitness advantage endowed by herbicide resistance mutations in agroecosystems under herbicide selection, resistance mutations are predicted to exhibit an adaptation cost (i.e., fitness cost), relative to the susceptible wild-type, in herbicide untreated conditions. Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations are not universal and their expression depends on the particular mutation, genetic background, dominance of the fitness cost, and environmental conditions. The detrimental effects of herbicide resistance mutations on plant fitness may arise as a direct impact on fitness-related traits and/or coevolution with changes in other life history traits that ultimately may lead to fitness costs under particular ecological conditions. This brings the idea that a “lower adaptive value” of herbicide resistance mutations represents an opportunity for the design of resistance management practices that could minimize the evolution of herbicide resistance. It is evident that the challenge for weed management practices aiming to control, minimize, or even reverse the frequency of resistance mutations in the agricultural landscape is to “create” those agroecological conditions that could expose, exploit, and exacerbate those life history and/or fitness traits affecting the evolution of herbicide resistance mutations. Ideally, resistance management should implement a wide range of cultural practices leading to environmentally mediated fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations.

scholarly journals Identifying ‘useful’ fitness models: balancing the benefits of added complexity with realistic data requirements in models of individual plant fitness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trace E. Martyn ◽  
Daniel B. Stouffer ◽  
Oscar Godoy ◽  
Ignasi Bartomeus ◽  
Abigail Pastore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Plant ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Realistic Data

scholarly journals Soybean (Glycine max) Is Able to Absorb, Metabolize and Accumulate Fenbendazole in All Organs Including Beans

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6647
Author(s):  
Radka Podlipná ◽  
Martina Navrátilová ◽  
Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková ◽  
Kateřina Moťková ◽  
Lenka Langhansová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Food Consumed

Although manure is an important source of minerals and organic compounds it represents a certain risk of spreading the veterinary drugs in the farmland and their permeation to human food. We tested the uptake of the anthelmintic drug fenbendazole (FBZ) by soybean, a common crop plant, from the soil and its biotransformation and accumulation in different soybean organs, including beans. Soybeans were cultivated in vitro or grown in a greenhouse in pots. FBZ was extensively metabolized in roots of in vitro seedlings, where sixteen metabolites were identified, and less in leaves, where only two metabolites were found. The soybeans in greenhouse absorbed FBZ by roots and translocated it to the leaves, pods, and beans. In roots, leaves, and pods two metabolites were identified. In beans, FBZ and one metabolite was found. FBZ exposure did not affect the plant fitness or yield, but reduced activities of some antioxidant enzymes and isoflavonoids content in the beans. In conclusion, manure or biosolids containing FBZ and its metabolites represent a significant risk of these pharmaceuticals entering food consumed by humans or animal feed. In addition, the presence of these drugs in plants can affect plant metabolism, including the production of isoflavonoids.

Evidence of indirect biotic resistance: native ants decrease invasive plant fitness by enhancing aphid infestation

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés M. Devegili ◽  
María N. Lescano ◽  
Ernesto Gianoli ◽  
Alejandro G. Farji-Brener
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Aphid Infestation
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