Competition and Spacing in Plant Communities: Differential Mortality of White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) in a New England Woodlot

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Yeaton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
White Pine

scholarly journals Dendrochronological Analyses and Whole-Tree Dissections Reveal Caliciopsis Canker (Caliciopsis pinea) Damage Associated with the Declining Growth and Climatic Stressors of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Kara K.L. Costanza ◽  
William H. Livingston ◽  
Shawn Fraver ◽  
Isabel A. Munck
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Whole Tree

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) is considered a signature species in eastern North America, particularly in New England. In recent years, however, white pine has experienced increased damage due to native pathogens that reduce the species’ growth, productivity, and economic value. One disease of concern is Caliciopsis canker, caused by the fungal pathogen Caliciopsis pinea, which is associated with excessive resin production, cankers, rough bark, bark fissures/cracks, and reduced growth in white pine. Recent studies have documented the extent of Caliciopsis canker in New England and its association with soil and stocking conditions, yet few studies have focused on the biological impacts of the disease. This study used dendrochronology and whole-tree dissections to reconstruct Caliciopsis canker history in three New England white pine sites, quantify its impact on tree growth and vigor, identify pre-disposing factors, and assess potential silvicultural management options. Dendrochronology and whole-tree dissections provided a unique insight into canker damage throughout trees’ development. Canker damage was first reported in New Hampshire in the mid-1990s, yet cankers were present as far back as 1967 and have steadily increased since the mid-1980s. Increased canker damage was significantly associated with decreased live crown ratios and declining tree growth. Trees maintaining a 30% live crown ratio or greater generally experienced the least canker damage. Furthermore, peaks in canker occurrence were consistent across sites, indicating a regional synchronization of infection and damage. Canker damage was closely associated with climatic events such as droughts and a New England hurricane. The results suggest that Caliciopsis canker has been affecting white pine health over the last 40 years, and that the disease has become more prevalent in the past 20–30 years. Yet, our results suggest that if silvicultural prescriptions target low density thinnings that favor trees with higher live crown ratios (>30%) and low Caliciopsis symptom severity ratings, the risk of canker damage can be reduced in white pine stands.

scholarly journals Extent and Severity of Caliciopsis Canker in New England, USA: An Emerging Disease of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.)

Forests ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4360-4373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Munck ◽  
William Livingston ◽  
Kyle Lombard ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
William Ostrofsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Emerging Disease ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine

White pine in the transition hardwood forest

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2046-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Hibbs
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Pine Stands

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in central New England is found in pure stands and as a component of mixed hardwood -pine stands. In older mixed forests, this pine is emergent over the surrounding hardwood canopy. Owing to the only moderate shade tolerance and initial slow growth rate of pine, there has been frequent speculation about how pine could survive and grow in hardwood forests. Results presented here indicate that successful white pine regeneration is achieved (i) by group reproduction in dense hardwood stands (25 m2∙h−1) where the group acts as a buffer around a central and eventually surviving pine; (ii) by single pine seedlings if hardwood competition is not too severe (18 m2∙h−1); (iii) occasionally by advanced regeneration from a previous stand; and, (iv) in mature forests, by regeneration in larger canopy gaps.

Impacts of White Pine Needle Damage on seasonal litterfall dynamics and wood growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in northern New England

2018 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron D. McIntire ◽  
Isabel A. Munck ◽  
Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur ◽  
William H. Livingston ◽  
Heidi Asbjornsen
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Northern New England

Impact of Deer Browsing on Regeneration in Mixed Stands in Southern New England

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Kittredge ◽  
P. Mark S. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Browsing preferences by white-tailed deer were evaluated for 6 tree species in northeastern Connecticut. Deer density averaged 23/mile². Deer exhibited no species-specific preferences for seedlings greater than 19 in. For seedlings less than 19 in., hemlock and black birch were preferred. Red maple, sugar maple, and white pine seedlings were avoided. Red oak seedlings were neither preferred nor avoided. A much higher proportion of seedlings greater than 19.7 in. in height was browsed, regardless of species. Browsing preferences for species in the smaller seedling class, combined with a lack of preference for species in the larger class may result in future stands with less diverse tree species composition. Deer densities in excess of 23/mile² may be incompatible with regeneration of diverse forests in southern New England. North. J. Appl. For. 12(3):115-120.

Responses of Plant Communities to Incremental Hydrologic Restoration of a Tide-Restricted Salt Marsh in Southern New England (Massachusetts, U.S.A.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Smith ◽  
Charles T. Roman ◽  
Mary-Jane James-Pirri ◽  
Kelly Chapman ◽  
John Portnoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
New England ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Hydrologic Restoration
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