Limnological Features of a Northern Brown-water Stream, with Special Reference to the Life Histories of the Aquatic Insects

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh F. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Water Stream

STUDIES ON THE APOIDEA OF WESTERN NOVA SCOTIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VISITORS TO APPLE BLOOM

1933 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Atwood
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Nest Construction ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nova Scotian

This paper describes the results of studies on the wild bees of Nova Scotia, which were carried out in connection with apple pollination investigations in the Annapolis-Cornwallis Valley, Nova Scotia.The biology of the Apoidea in general is reviewed from the literature, and a list of bees taken on apple bloom is given. As the members of the genera Halictus and Andrena were found to be the most important native pollinators, the greater part of the paper is devoted to accounts of the habits and life histories of representative species.The members of the genus Andrena were found to have a simple type, such as is generally found among solitary bees. The females provision the nest and then die; the larvae develop to the pupal stage in their underground cells, then emerge as adults the following season. All Nova Scotian species studied were one-generation forms.The bees of the genus Halictus show a primitive social organization, more complex in some species than in others. The first brood consists of females only, which are apparently sterile and work at nest construction, the gathering of pollen, etc. They are followed later in the season by a brood of males and females; these females, after being fertilized, hibernate for the winter, while the males die in the fall. The hibernating habits of different species are described, and notes are given on some parasites and inquilines of the two genera.

Influences of Diet on the Life Histories of Aquatic Insects

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Anderson ◽  
Kenneth W. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Functional Feeding Groups ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Benthic Species ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Benthic species are partitioned into functional feeding groups based on food-acquiring mechanisms. Effects of food quality on voltinism, growth rate, and size at maturity are demonstrated for representatives of gougers and shredders, collectors, and scrapers. Food quality for predators is uniformly high, but food quantity (prey density) obviously influences their life histories. A food switch from herbivory to predation, or some ingestion of animal tissues, in the later stages is a feature of the life cycle of many aquatic insects. Temperature interacts with both food quality and quantity in effects on growth as well as having a direct effect on control of metabolism. Thus further elaboration of the role of food in life history phenomena will require controlled field or laboratory studies to partition the effects of temperature and food. Key words: aquatic insects, feeding strategies, functional groups, life histories

The life-histories of the bivalves Montacuta substriata and M. ferruginosa, ‘commensals’ with spatangoids

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gage
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Planktonic Larvae ◽  
Settlement And Metamorphosis ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae

The life-histories of the erycinaceans Montacuta substriata and M. ferruginosa were investigated with special reference to the initiation of their ‘commensal’ associations. The planktotrophic larvae are released in summer as veligers after incubation within the adults, and they may spend several months in the plankton before settlement and metamorphosis. Larvae of both species, isolated from the Plymouth plankton, were reared to post-larval stages that were comparable with spat found associated with spatangoids. Some corrections are made of the identifications of planktonic larvae, of these and other Erycinacea, by previous authors. Experiments showed that, apart from being more active, the responses of walking post-larvae are similar to those I have described previously with adults. It is considered that the reactions operate, in an integrated manner similar to the adults, in initiating their associations with spatangoids; the behaviour of the adults in maintaining and re-establishing their associations would thus represent a retention of larval faculties. Possible reasons for the restriction of M. substriata to superficial burrowers and the less specific occurrences of small M. ferruginosa amongst spatangoids—including both deep and shallow-burrowing species—are discussed.

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