Aspects of Floral Biology, Breeding System, and Seed and Seedling Biology in Podostemum ceratophyllum (Podostemaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas Philbrick
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Podostemum Ceratophyllum

Pollination ecology of Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Gribel ◽  
John D. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Glossophaga Soricina ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Anoura Geoffroyi ◽  
Phyllostomus Discolor

ABSTRACTThe floral biology, breeding system and pollination of Caryocar brasiliense were studied in the cerrado vegetation of Central Brazil. The large, yellowish-cream, brush-like flowers are pollinated mainly by glossophagine bats (Glossophaga soricina and Anoura geoffroyi). Three non-glossophagine bats (Phyllostomus discolor, Vampyrops lineatus and Carollia perspicillata) and two short probosisced hawk moths (Erinyis ello and Pseudosphinx tetrio) may also act as occasional pollinators. Caryocar brasiliense is self-compatible although it sets significantly more fruits when crossed than when selfed. The natural fruit set (fruit/flower ratio) and seed set (seed/ovule ratio) are 3.1% and 1.0% respectively. Most of the fruits and seeds are formed through the action of the flower visitors, despite the fact that about 20% of the non-visited flowers receive self pollen on at least one stigma.

Adaptive response of extreme epiphyte Tillandsia species (Bromeliaceae) is demonstrated by different sexual reproduction strategies in the Brazilian Chaco

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-854
Author(s):  
Aline C Gomes ◽  
Bruno H S Ferreira ◽  
Camila S Souza ◽  
Luan M M Arakaki ◽  
Camila Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Reproduction Strategies ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Some epiphytes are adapted to extreme environments with the ability to survive drought as a result of their morphological (xeromorphism), anatomical (foliar trichomes or scales) and physiological features. In contrast to vegetative features, they may have diverse sexual reproductive strategies. Here we compared the flowering morphology, floral biology, breeding system and pollinators of Tillandsia duratii, T. loliacea and T. recurvifolia (Bromeliaceae) adapted to an extreme environment, the Brazilian Chaco. Tillandsia duratii and T. recurvifolia flower for 5–6 months, whereas T. loliaceae flowers for 11 months, mainly in the dry season, with low to high flowering overlap between them. Although these species generally show similar flowering morphology, they differ in size, colour, odour and/or floral functionality, suggesting non-sharing of pollinators among them. Bimodal pollination occurs in T. duratii (bees, moths other than hawkmoths) and T. recurvifolia (butterflies, hummingbirds); in T. loliacea, we recorded no floral visitors. Tillandsia recurvifolia is self-incompatible, has flowers which approach herkogamy and protandry, and depends on pollen vectors for fruit set. The other two species show reverse herkogamy, autonomous self-pollination and self-compatibility (mixed breeding system); therefore, pollinators are not required. The disparity in reproductive strategies among the three species suggests the possibility of selection for diverse modes of reproduction.

Floral biology and late-acting self-incompatibility in Jacaranda racemosa (Bignoniaceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson S. Bittencourt ◽  
João Semir
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Natural Pollination ◽  
Ovule Penetration ◽  
Incompatibility Barrier

Breeding-system studies have been conducted with 38 of the approximately800 species of Bignoniaceae, and self-incompatibility was found in 31 of these. In species for which the site of self-incompatibility barrier was studied, self-pollinated flowers consistently failed to develop into fruits, even though pollen tubes grew down to the ovary and penetrated most of the ovules. In this study, we have investigated the floral biology and the breeding system in Jacaranda racemosa Chamisso, with hand-pollination experiments and the histology of post-pollination events. Flower anthesis lasted 1–3 days, and although the frequency of flower visitation was extremely low, natural pollination seemed to be effected mainly by medium-sized bees. Because the conspicuous staminodium favours eventual pollination by small bees, a possible role of the staminodium in the increase of potential pollinators is suggested. Hand-pollinations indicated that J. racemosa is a self-sterile species. Histological analysis of post-pollination events indicated the occurrence of a kind of late-acting self-incompatibility in which the processes of ovule penetration, fertilisation and endosperm initiation were slower in selfed than in crossed pistils. Until the time of self-pollinated pistil abscission, no signs of endosperm malfunction or proembryo development were observed in selfed pistils. Therefore, inbreeding depression is an unlikely explanation for self-sterility in J. racemosa.

Floral biology and breeding system of the narrow endemic Dianthus morisianus Vals. (Caryophyllaceae)

Flora ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nebot ◽  
Donatella Cogoni ◽  
Giuseppe Fenu ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Narrow Endemic

scholarly journals Floral biology and breeding system of endangered species: Parmentiera cereifera Seem. (Bignoniaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Janis Damaiyani
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Flower Biology ◽  
The Family

Parmentiera cereifera Seem. is an endangered species in the family Bignoniaceae. Related to the conservation effort, information about the reproductive biology of this species is very limited. Based on that, the objectives of this study were to provide knowledge about the reproductive properties such as floral biology and breeding system of P. cereifera. The research was conducted at Purwodadi Botanic Garden, from October 2019 to February 2021. Several important aspects of reproductive biology, including flower biology, pollen viability and stigma receptivity, pollen morphology and breeding system were investigated. The viability was tested with TTC (2, 3, 5–triphenly tetrazolium chloride) and stigma reseptivity was tested with hydrogen peroxide. The breeding system was determined based on outcrossing index (OCI) using Cruden's method. The results showed that P. cereifera flower was monoecious, had morphological character that supported nocturnal pollination. Stigma and anthers spatially separated, but there was no temporal separation of stigma receptivity and anther dehiscence. Based on the flower biology, the pollen ornamentation (reticulate type), and the Out-Crossing Index (OCI=4), the breeding system was outcrossing but partially self-compatible, required pollinators (zoophily)

scholarly journals Floral biology and breeding system of Psychotria tenuinervis Muell. Arg. (Rubiaceae) in the Atlantic rain forest, SE Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bernucci Virillo ◽  
Flavio Nunes Ramos ◽  
Cibele Cardoso de Castro ◽  
João Semir
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Corolla Length ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Anther Length

(Floral biology and breeding system oi Psychotria tenuinervis Muell. Arg. (Rubiaceae) in the Atlantic rain forest, SE Brazil). The aim of this study was to investigate pollination biology, floral morphometry, morph ratio and breeding system oiPsychotria tenuinervis in an area of Atlantic rain forest in southeastern Brazil. Pollination biology was studied based on focal observations and the breeding system was determined using controlled crosses; data on flower production and floral morphometry were compared between the two floral morphs. Flower production by the two floral morphs was similar, with flowers being reciprocally herkogamous, diurnal and pollinated at similar frequencies, mainly by medium-sized bees. Corolla length and diameter, as well as anther length, were similar between the floral morphs, whereas stigma lobes were larger in thrums. Psychotria tenuinervis is a preferentially self- and intramorph-incompatible, non-apomitic species, with isoplethic populations. At the study site, P. tenuinervis may be considered as a typical distylous species, with reciprocal herkogamous flowers that favour intermorph pollinations and legitimate matings.

scholarly journals The Floral Biology, Breeding System and Pollination Efficiency of Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. (Theaceae)

Forests ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanbo Yang ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Ping Song ◽  
Zhichun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Pollination Efficiency ◽  
Schima Superba

Dioécie cryptique chez Geniostoma borbonica, espèce pionnière endémique de La Réunion

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Humeau ◽  
Dominique Strasberg ◽  
Thierry Pailler
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
General Context ◽  
Cryptic Dioecy ◽  
Unisexual Flowers ◽  
Evolution Of Dioecy

In the general context of conservation of insular habitats, the floral biology, natural fecundity, and breeding system of Geniostoma borbonica (Lam.) Spreng. was studied in natural populations. The species, which was initially assumed to be gynodioecious, presents two kinds of individuals, both with morphological hermaphroditic but functionally unisexual flowers. Some individuals produce pollen grains, but neither ovules nor fruit, whereas other fructiferous individuals have anthers without pollen grains. Geniostoma borbonica is the first species in this genus to be reported as dioecious; its floral morphology illustrates an example of cryptic dioecy. This species combines an apomictic breeding system, assuring a fast installation without reproductive constraints, and a reproductive breeding system assuring maintenance of genetic variability in the population. These two breeding systems allow adaptation to evolution of the habitat during plant succession. This point is discussed in the colonization context of pioneer habitats, where herma- phro ditic species are recognized to be advantageous, as well as in the context of the evolution of dioecy in this genus.Key words: cryptic dioecy, pioneer habitat, oceanic island, Geniostoma.

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