Karyotypic Evolution in Bats: Evidence of Extensive and Conservative Chromosomal Evolution in Closely Related Taxa

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Baker ◽  
John W. Bickham
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Karyotypic Evolution

Diversity and Karyotypic Evolution in the Genus Neacomys (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willam O. da Silva ◽  
Julio C. Pieczarka ◽  
Rogério V. Rossi ◽  
Horacio Schneider ◽  
Iracilda Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Karyotypic Evolution ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Ancestral Species ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Amazonian Region

Neacomys (Sigmodontinae) comprises 8 species mainly found in the Amazonian region. We describe 5 new karyotypes from Brazilian Amazonia: 2 cytotypes for N. paracou (2n = 56/FNa = 62-66), 1 for N. dubosti (2n = 64/FNa = 68), and 2 for Neacomys sp. (2n = 58/FNa = 64-70), with differences in the 18S rDNA. Telomeric probes did not show ITS. We provide a phylogeny using Cytb, and the analysis suggests that 2n = 56 with a high FNa is ancestral for the genus, as found in N. paracou, being retained by the ancestral forms of the other species, with an increase in 2n occurring independently in N. spinosus and N. dubosti. Alternatively, an increase in 2n may have occurred in the ancestral taxon of the other species, followed by independent 2n-reduction events in Neacomys sp. and in the ancestral species of N. tenuipes, N. guianae, N. musseri, and N. minutus. Finally, a drastic reduction event in the diploid number occurred in the ancestral species of N. musseri and N. minutus which exhibit the lowest 2n of the genus. The karyotypic variations found in both intra- and interspecific samples, associated with the molecular phylogeny, suggest a chromosomal evolution with amplification/deletion of constitutive heterochromatin and rearrangements including fusions, fissions, and pericentric inversions.

Comparative study of G- and C-banded chromosomes of five species of Microtidae: a chromosomal evolution analysis

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Burgos ◽  
R. Jiménez ◽  
R. Díaz de la Guardia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Karyotypic Evolution ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Robertsonian Translocations ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Evolution Analysis ◽  
Pericentric Inversions

G-banded karyotypes were compared in the following species of Microtidae: Microtus nivalis, M. cabrerae, M. arvalis, and Arvicola sapidus. Previous observations on A. sapidus and A. terrestris were also incorporated in this study. The results show that Robertsonian translocations and pericentric inversions are common mechanisms involved in the karyotypic evolution of this group. Interspecific differences on the G-banding patterns were also analysed, and an attempt was made to establish a presumptive phylogenetic tree.Key words: chromosomal evolution, Microtidae, G-bands, C-bands.

scholarly journals Microsatellite and Chromosome Evolution of Parthenogenetic Sitobion Aphids in Australia

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sunnucks ◽  
Phillip R England ◽  
Andrea C Taylor ◽  
Dinah F Hales
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Microsatellite Variation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sexual Recombination ◽  
Minimum Numbers

Abstract Single-locus microsatellite variation correlated perfectly with chromosome number in Sitobion miscanthi aphids. The microsatellites were highly heterozygous, with up to 10 alleles per locus in this species. Despite this considerable allelic variation, only seven different S. miscanthi genotypes were discovered in 555 individuals collected from a wide range of locations, hosts and sampling periods. Relatedness between genotypes suggests only two successful colonizations of Australia. There was no evidence for genetic recombination in 555 S. miscanthi so the occurrence of recent sexual reproduction must be near zero. Thus diversification is by mutation and chromosomal rearrangement alone. Since the aphids showed no sexual recombination, microsatellites can mutate without meiosis. Five of seven microsatellite differences were a single repeat unit, and one larger jump is likely. The minimum numbers of changes between karyotypes corresponded roughly one-to-one with microsatellite allele changes, which suggests very rapid chromosomal evolution. A chromosomal fission occurred in a cultured line, and a previously unknown chromosomal race was detected. All 121 diverse S. near fragariae were heterozygous but revealed only one genotype. This species too must have a low rate of sexual reproduction and few colonizations of Australia.

scholarly journals Chromosomal painting of the sandpiper (Actitis macularius) detects several fissions for the Scolopacidae family (Charadriiformes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melquizedec Luiz Silva Pinheiro ◽  
Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi ◽  
Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas ◽  
Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz ◽  
Patricia Caroline Mary O´Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chromosomal Painting ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The Scolopacidae family (Suborder Scolopaci, Charadriiformes) is composed of sandpipers and snipes; these birds are long-distance migrants that show great diversity in their behavior and habitat use. Cytogenetic studies in the Scolopacidae family show the highest diploid numbers for order Charadriiformes. This work analyzes for the first time the karyotype of Actitis macularius by classic cytogenetics and chromosome painting. Results The species has a diploid number of 92, composed mostly of telocentric pairs. This high 2n is greater than the proposed 80 for the avian ancestral putative karyotype (a common feature among Scolopaci), suggesting that fission rearrangements have formed smaller macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using Burhinus oedicnemus whole chromosome probes confirmed the fissions in pairs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of macrochromosomes. Conclusion Comparative analysis with other species of Charadriiformes studied by chromosome painting together with the molecular phylogenies for the order allowed us to raise hypotheses about the chromosomal evolution in suborder Scolopaci. From this, we can establish a clear idea of how chromosomal evolution occurred in this suborder.

scholarly journals Genomic dispersion of 28S rDNA during karyotypic evolution in the ant genusMyrmecia (formicidae)

Chromosoma ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
Hiroshisa Hirai ◽  
Masa-Toshi Yamamoto ◽  
Robert W. Taylor ◽  
Hirotami T. Imai
Keyword(s):  
28S Rdna ◽  
Karyotypic Evolution
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