Evolution of Floral Traits in a Hermaphroditic Plant: Field Measurements of Heritabilities and Genetic Correlations

Evolution ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Hermaphroditic Plant

scholarly journals Geographic variation in floral traits is associated with environmental and genetic differences among populations of the mixed mating species Collinsia heterophylla (Plantaginaceae)

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Lankinen ◽  
Josefin A. Madjidian ◽  
Stefan Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Stigma Receptivity

Relatively few studies have investigated how geography, environmental factors, and genetics affect floral trait variation. We used mixed-mating Collinsia heterophylla Buist to explore variation in a suite of floral traits related to mating system in populations representing four geographic regions of California, USA, and relate this variation to geography, climatic factors, and local site characteristics. We evaluated the environmental vs. genetic trait variability in the greenhouse. Stage of anther–stigma contact correlated positively with temperature, stage of stigma receptivity was negatively associated with vegetation cover, and flower size differed among populations without any clear relation to environmental factors. Greenhouse data indicated heritability for stage of anther–stigma contact, flower size, and time to flowering, and positive correlations between field and greenhouse for stage of stigma receptivity and flower size; however, stage of anther–stigma contact showed a high degree of environmental influence. Stage of anther–stigma contact covaried positively with stage of stigma receptivity and flower size across maternal families, indicating genetic correlations between traits. In conclusion, phenotypic floral variation within mixed-mating C. heterophylla is mostly determined by a genetic component. Geography, environment, and genetics affect traits differently, suggesting that ecological and evolutionary processes contribute to shaping variability in mating system-related traits.

Sexual dimorphism in floral traits of gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica (Lobeliaceae) is consistent across populations

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1245-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Gender Dimorphism

In angiosperms, the evolution of gender dimorphism is often correlated with the evolution of sexual dimorphism in floral traits. The magnitude of sexual dimorphism will reflect both sex-specific selection and constraints on evolution in response to this selection. If the evolution of sexual dimorphism is constrained by genetic correlations, then trait means are predicted to evolve more quickly than the magnitude of sexual dimorphism in the same traits. To test whether mean floral traits evolve more quickly than sexual dimorphism in these traits, I measured flower size and flower number of gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica L. from 10–14 populations across the species’ range. Females produced more flowers than hermaphrodites, but neither mean flower number nor the magnitude of dimorphism in flower number varied among populations. Pistillate flowers were smaller than perfect flowers, and mean flower size varied among populations. However, the magnitude of dimorphism in flower size did not vary. My results suggest that the evolution of sexual dimorphism in flower size, but not necessarily flower number, could be constrained by within- or between-sex genetic correlations in L. siphilitica.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetic basis of floral design in a natural plant population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juannan Zhou ◽  
Charles B. Fenste ◽  
Richard J. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory

AbstractThe amount of genetic variation of floral traits and the degree to which they are genetically correlated are important parameters for the study of plant evolution. Estimates of these parameters can reveal the effect of historical selection relative to neutral processes such as mutation and drift, and allow us to predict the short-term evolutionary trajectory of a population under various selective regimes. Here, we assess the heritability and genetic correlation of the floral design of a native N. American tetraploid plant, Silene stellata (Caryophyllaceae), in a natural population. Specifically, we use a linear mixed model to estimate the genetic parameters based on a genealogy reconstructed from highly variable molecular markers. Overall, we found significant heritabilities in five out of nine studied traits. The level of heritability was intermediate (0.027 – 0.441). Interestingly, the floral trait showing the highest level of genetic variation was previously shown to be under strong sexually conflicting selection, which may serve as a mechanism for maintaining the observed genetic variation. Additionally, we also found prevalent positive genetic correlations between floral traits. Our results suggest that S. stellata is capable of responding to phenotypic selection on its floral design, while the abundant positive genetic correlations could also constrain the evolutionary trajectories to certain directions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility and feasibility of marker-based approaches for estimating genetic parameters in natural populations.

scholarly journals A simple genetic architecture and low constraint allows rapid floral evolution in a diverse and recently radiating plant genus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Kostyun ◽  
Matthew J.S. Gibson ◽  
Christian M. King ◽  
Leonie C. Moyle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
List Type ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Hummingbird Pollination

SummaryGenetic correlations among different components of phenotypes, especially resulting from pleiotropy, can constrain or facilitate trait evolution. These factors could especially influence the evolution of traits that are functionally integrated, such as those comprising the flower. Indeed, pleiotropy is proposed as a main driver of repeated convergent trait transitions, including the evolution of phenotypically-similar pollinator syndromes.We assessed the role of pleiotropy in the differentiation of floral and other reproductive traits between two species —Jaltomata sinuosa and J. umbellata (Solanaceae)—that have divergent suites of floral traits consistent with bee- and hummingbird-pollination, respectively. To do so, we generated a hybrid population and examined the genetic architecture (trait segregation and QTL distribution) underlying 25 floral and fertility traits.We found that most floral traits had a relatively simple genetic basis (few, predominantly additive, QTL of moderate to large effect), as well as little evidence of antagonistic pleiotropy (few trait correlations and QTL co-localization, particularly between traits of different classes). However, we did detect a potential case of adaptive pleiotropy among floral size and nectar traits.These mechanisms may have facilitated the rapid floral trait evolution observed within Jaltomata, and may be a common component of rapid phenotypic change more broadly.

79. Comparison of Benzene-Specific Field Measurements at Oil Refineries

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Haag ◽  
P. Owens ◽  
D. Mayszak ◽  
J. Katona ◽  
B. Mangilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Specific Field
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