Paternal Mitochondrial DNA Differentiation Far Exceeds Maternal Mitochondrial DNA and Allozyme Differentiation in the Freshwater Mussel, Anodonta grandis grandis

Evolution ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Ping Liu ◽  
Jeffry B. Mitton ◽  
Shi-Kuei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Anodonta Grandis

Population ecology of the freshwater mussel Anodonta grandis grandis in a Precambrian Shield lake

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Huebner ◽  
D. F. Malley ◽  
K. Donkersloot
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Precambrian Shield ◽  
Sublittoral Zone ◽  
Anodonta Grandis

Anodonta grandis grandis is found in about half of 50 Experimental Lakes Area lakes surveyed but is abundant in only some of these lakes, including lake 377. Lake 377 is a typical small Precambrian Shield lake, 27.7 ha in area and 17.9 m in maximum depth, with [Ca2+] of [Formula: see text], conductivity of 25 μmho∙cm−1 (1 mho = 1 S), and alkalinity of [Formula: see text]. The water renewal time of approximately 187 days is shorter than that of most Precambrian Shield lakes. Bottom sediments in the sublittoral zone ranged from fine sand through granules to cobbles and boulders. Several species of possible glochidial host fish including yellow perch were collected from lake 377. The size of the mussel population, estimated by depth-stratified random sampling, was 36 800 ± 12 000 (± 95% confidence interval). Mean density was 0.133 mussels/m2 lake surface, and maximum density was 4.3 mussels/m2. Mussels were most abundant in the 1.5- to 3.1-m depth stratum. Mean lengths and weights in collections ranged from 77 to 87 mm and from 43 to 56 g, respectively. Maximum length and weight were 117.9 mm and 109.6 g, respectively. Based on external annuli, mussels live to 15+ years in lake 377. Flesh and shell averaged 25.1 and 23.2% of live weight, respectively. Calcium constituted 44.7% of the ash weight of shell. We estimated a standing dry weight biomass of mussels of 330–390 mg∙m−2 and dry weight production of 60 mg∙m−2∙year−1. This is [Formula: see text] of the estimated annual dry weight algal production. The shells of live mussels contain [Formula: see text] of the total calcium in lake 377. Despite oligotrophic conditions and low [Ca2+], lake 377 supports a substantial population of A. g. grandis growing at a moderate rate. Lake 377 may be a favourable habitat for this species because of its short water-turnover time.

Accumulation of Cd by a freshwater mussel (Pyganodon grandis) is reduced in the presence of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Metal Mixture ◽  
Nonequilibrium Conditions ◽  
Pyganodon Grandis ◽  
Anodonta Grandis ◽  
Concentration Levels

The effects of a metal mixture on Cd bioavailability and uptake in the freshwater mussel Pyganodon grandis (formerly Anodonta grandis grandis) were investigated in a limnocorral experiment in a Precambrian Shield lake during the summer of 1992. Differences in the partitioning of Cd in water, sediment, and mussels were identified between limnocorrals treated with Cd alone or with Cd and a mixture of metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni) at three concentration levels. Loss of Cd from the water column was slower in treatments with the metal mixture (22- to 34-day half-life) than in the treatment with Cd alone (11-day half-life). Despite the higher concentrations of Cd in the water column in treatments with the mixture of metals, the mussels accumulated proportionally less Cd as the metal concentrations increased. These relationships were observed in mussels exposed for 40 days ([Cd] <4.4 µg·L-1) and 80 days ([Cd] = 4-14 µg·L-1). The uncoupling of the effects of the metal mixture on Cd bioavailability and uptake suggests that laboratory studies may be appropriate for characterizing metal uptake in mussels exposed to mixtures of metals under nonequilibrium conditions. The significant deviation in the behavior of Cd in the presence of the metal mixture emphasizes the need to further investigate regulatory approaches that focus on individual contaminants.

Breeding cycle of the freshwater mussel Anodonta grandis Say

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2477-2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Anodonta Grandis ◽  
General Opinion

The gonads and marsupia of a population of Anodonta grandis Say in a small, eutrophic lake in the Laurentians were examined for the presence of eggs and glochidia over a period of three summers. The species was found to be a tachytictic (short-term) breeder, contrary to the general opinion that the Anodontinae are bradytictic (long-term) breeders.

The ultrastructure of the sperm and motile spermatozeugmata released from the freshwater mussel Anodonta grandis (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Unionidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1452-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Sperm Nucleus ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Gill Chamber ◽  
Flagellar Beat ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Distal Centriole ◽  
Anodonta Grandis

Mature sperm are released from Anodonta grandis as multiple spherical spermatozeugmata, which are complexes measuring 40–50 μm and containing up to 2800 sperm when fully populated. The 1.5 × 4.0 μm cylindrical sperm head is anchored in the spherical spermatozeugma periphery, with the 35 μm long flagella projecting perpendicular to the surface. Rotational and progressive motility is achieved by an apparently asynchronous but sequential flagellar beat. An acellular 80-nm lamina around the spherical spermatozeugma encircles a central fluid-filled sphere called the globe. Each sperm head is embedded in a chamber formed by extensions of the 80-nm lamina and in contact with the sperm plasmalemma in a flagellar collar posterior to the 5 mitochondria at the base of the sperm nucleus. A proximal centriole located in a fossa in the nucleus base is connected to a distal centriole by a dense amorphous matrix. The distal centriole is locked to the flagellar collar via 9 striated, bifurcated pericentriolar processes. The anterior part of the sperm contains an acrosome-like region containing 0.1 μm diameter membrane-bound vesicles. The spermatozeugma complexes may survive up to 24 h and may serve to transport sperm to the gill chamber of the female mussel.

Evaluation of the dark field method for large association of spread DNA

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Field Electron ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron

A number of satisfactory methods are available for the electron microscopy of nicleic acids. These methods concentrated on fragments of nuclear, viral and mitochondrial DNA less than 50 megadaltons, on denaturation and heteroduplex mapping (Davies et al 1971) or on the interaction between proteins and DNA (Brack and Delain 1975). Less attention has been paid to the experimental criteria necessary for spreading and visualisation by dark field electron microscopy of large intact issociations of DNA. This communication will report on those criteria in relation to the ultrastructure of the (approx. 1 x 10-14g) DNA component of the kinetoplast from Trypanosomes. An extraction method has been developed to eliminate native endonucleases and nuclear contamination and to isolate the kinetoplast DNA (KDNA) as a compact network of high molecular weight. In collaboration with Dr. Ch. Brack (Basel [nstitute of Immunology), we studied the conditions necessary to prepare this KDNA Tor dark field electron microscopy using the microdrop spreading technique.

Properties of Isolated Mitochondria of Agaricus Bisporus: Their Relationship to Dormancy and the Germination of Spores

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
K. S. McCarty ◽  
R. F. Weave ◽  
L. Kemper ◽  
F. S. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Cytoplasmic Ribosomes

During the prodromal stages of sporulation in the Basidiomycete, Agaricus bisporus, mitochondria accumulate in the basidial cells, zygotes, in the gill tissues prior to entry of these mitochondria, together with two haploid nuclei and cytoplasmic ribosomes, into the exospores. The mitochondria contain prominent loci of DNA [Fig. 1]. A modified Kleinschmidt spread technique1 has been used to evaluate the DNA strands from purified whole mitochondria released by osmotic shock, mitochondrial DNA purified on CsCl gradients [density = 1.698 gms/cc], and DNA purified on ethidium bromide CsCl gradients. The DNA appeared as linear strands up to 25 u in length and circular forms 2.2-5.2 u in circumference. In specimens prepared by osmotic shock, many strands of DNA are apparently attached to membrane fragments [Fig. 2]. When mitochondria were ruptured in hypotonic sucrose and then fixed in glutaraldehyde, the ribosomes were released for electron microscopic examination.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document