Non-Non-Darwinian Evolution

Evolution ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Berry ◽  
Brian Golding
Keyword(s):  
Darwinian Evolution

Artificial Chemistry and Molecular Darwinian Evolution in silico

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Kvasnička ◽  
Jiří Pospíchal
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Artificial Chemistry ◽  
Neutral Mutations ◽  
Binary Strings

A simplified model of Darwinian evolution at the molecular level is studied by applying the methods of artificial chemistry. A chemical reactor (chemostat) contains molecules that are represented by binary strings, the strings being capable of replication with a probability proportional to their fitness. Moreover, the process of replication is not fully precise, sporadic mutations may produce new offspring strings, which are slightly different from their parent templates. The dynamics of such an autoreplicating system is described by Eigen's differential equations. These equations have a unique asymptotically stable state, which corresponds to those strings that have the highest rate constants (fitness). Fitness of binary string is calculated as a graph-theory similarity between a folding (phenotype) of respective string and the so-called required folding. The presented method offers a detailed view of mechanisms of the molecular Darwinian evolution, in particular of the meaning and importance of neutral mutations.

The Modernity of Kinship

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
European Studies ◽  
The West ◽  
Elemental Form

Chapter 1 explores the modern values that have animated kinship studies since their emergence in the nineteenth century. It examines the sudden invention of kinship by Johann Bachofen, Henry Maine, John Ferguson McLennan, Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, and Lewis Henry Morgan in the 1860s, and the internal and external developments in the West that prompted their discoveries: revolutionary agitation, the engagement with “primitives” around the globe, industrialization and the disintegration of old solidarities, and intellectual revolutions in the study of prehistory, especially Indo-European studies and Darwinian evolution. Social theorists transformed kinship into an elemental form of human sociality and evolutionary development, and a building block of the emerging liberal order as the West coped with the ontological sea change wrought by the desacralization and industrialization of society.

scholarly journals The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Darwinian or Lamarckian?

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1410) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burr ◽  
J. M. Hyman ◽  
Gerald Myers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv 1

The subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV–1) group M exhibit a remarkable similarity in their between–subtype distances, which we refer to as high synchrony. The shape of the phylogenetic tree of these subtypes is referred to as a sunburst to distinguish it from a simple star phylogeny. Neither a sunburst pattern nor a comparable degree of symmetry is seen in a natural process such as in feline immunodeficiency virus evolution. We therefore have undertaken forward–process simulation studies employing coalescent theory to investigate whether such highly synchronized subtypes could be readily produced by natural Darwinian evolution. The forward model includes both classical (macro) and molecular (micro) epidemiological components. HIV–1 group M subtype synchrony is quantified using the standard deviation of the between–subtype distances and the average of the within–subtype distances. Highly synchronized subtypes and a sunburst phylogeny are not observed in our simulated data, leading to the conclusion that a quasi–Lamarckian, punctuated event occurred. The natural transfer theory for the origin of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cannot easily be reconciled with these findings and it is as if a recent non–Darwinian process took place coincident with the rise of AIDS in Africa.

Neo-darwinian Evolution--Panacea or Popgun

1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
J. Maze ◽  
G. E. Bradfield
Keyword(s):  
Darwinian Evolution

scholarly journals SETI, Evolution and Human History Merged into a Mathematical Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maccone
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Numerical Estimate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Human History ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Positive Time ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Geometric Locus

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new mathematical model capable of merging Darwinian Evolution, Human History and SETI into a single mathematical scheme:(1) Darwinian Evolution over the last 3.5 billion years is defined as one particular realization of a certain stochastic process called Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM). This GBM yields the fluctuations in time of the number of species living on Earth. Its mean value curve is an increasing exponential curve, i.e. the exponential growth of Evolution.(2) In 2008 this author provided the statistical generalization of the Drake equation yielding the number N of communicating ET civilizations in the Galaxy. N was shown to follow the lognormal probability distribution.(3) We call “b-lognormals” those lognormals starting at any positive time b (“birth”) larger than zero. Then the exponential growth curve becomes the geometric locus of the peaks of a one-parameter family of b-lognormals: this is our way to re-define Cladistics.(4) b-lognormals may be also be interpreted as the lifespan of any living being (a cell, or an animal, a plant, a human, or even the historic lifetime of any civilization). Applying this new mathematical apparatus to Human History, leads to the discovery of the exponential progress between Ancient Greece and the current USA as the envelope of all b-lognormals of Western Civilizations over a period of 2500 years.(5) We then invoke Shannon's Information Theory. The b-lognormals' entropy turns out to be the index of “development level” reached by each historic civilization. We thus get a numerical estimate of the entropy difference between any two civilizations, like the Aztec-Spaniard difference in 1519.(6) In conclusion, we have derived a mathematical scheme capable of estimating how much more advanced than Humans an Alien Civilization will be when the SETI scientists will detect the first hints about ETs.

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