Correlational Selection for Color Pattern and Antipredator Behavior in the Garter Snake Thamnophis ordinoides

Evolution ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund D. Brodie III
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Garter Snake ◽  
Correlational Selection ◽  
Selection For

Genomic architecture of a genetically assimilated seasonal color pattern

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6517) ◽  
pp. 721-725
Author(s):  
Karin R. L. van der Burg ◽  
James J. Lewis ◽  
Benjamin J. Brack ◽  
Richard A. Fandino ◽  
Anyi Mazo-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Junonia Coenia ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cue Detection ◽  
Wing Coloration

Developmental plasticity allows genomes to encode multiple distinct phenotypes that can be differentially manifested in response to environmental cues. Alternative plastic phenotypes can be selected through a process called genetic assimilation, although the mechanisms are still poorly understood. We assimilated a seasonal wing color phenotype in a naturally plastic population of butterflies (Junonia coenia) and characterized three responsible genes. Endocrine assays and chromatin accessibility and conformation analyses showed that the transition of wing coloration from an environmentally determined trait to a predominantly genetic trait occurred through selection for regulatory alleles of downstream wing-patterning genes. This mode of genetic evolution is likely favored by selection because it allows tissue- and trait-specific tuning of reaction norms without affecting core cue detection or transduction mechanisms.

scholarly journals Visual predators impose correlational selection on prey color pattern and behavior

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Forsman ◽  
Susanne Appelqvist
Keyword(s):  
Color Pattern ◽  
Correlational Selection ◽  
And Behavior

The Causes and Consequences of Geographic Variation in Antipredator Behavior: Perspectives from Fish Populations

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Margurran
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Population Difference ◽  
Antipredator Responses

Predators are extremely effective agents of selection. After all, if an individual member of a prey species does not survive long enough to reproduce, it will have lost its chance (kin selection considerations apart) to bequeath its genes to future generations. It is not surprising, therefore, that many cases of population difference have been attributed to geographic variation in risk. These population differences can take a variety of forms and may, for example, involve modifications to morphology or to life-history traits. The correlation between armor and predation in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is one case that has been well documented (see Reimchen 1994 for a review and discussion), while another is the association between reproductive allotment and risk (Reznick and Endler 1982) and male color pattern and risk (Endler 1980) in the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata. However, such adaptations can be futile if they are not accompanied by effective antipredator behavior. For instance, a cryptic color pattern confers no advantage if its holder chooses the “wrong” background or behaves in a conspicuous manner. Behavior is also flexible in a way that life histories or morphology may not be, and it allows moment-to-moment changes in response as risk increases or decreases. Because it is such an important weapon in the evolutionary arms race, antipredator behavior provides important insights into the causes and consequences of natural selection. Some of the best examples of geographically variable antipredator responses occur in populations of freshwater fish (see, e.g., Bell and Foster 1994). The predation regime of these populations is relatively easy to classify—at least in terms of the presence and absence of predatory species—and the distribution of key predators can explain much of the documented variation in antipredator behavior (see p. 140). Covariance in predation regime and antipredator responses is compelling evidence for natural selection. Moreover, because predation regimes can change (or be manipulated) over relatively short periods of time, there is an opportunity to record heritable changes in antipredator responses—in other words, to watch evolution in action.

Color pattern on the Carboniferous bivalve Streblochondria? Newell

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royal H. Mapes ◽  
E. J. Benstock
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
Selection For

This report describes a previously unknown chevron color pattern preserved on the Carboniferous bivalve Streblochondria? and discusses the significance of color patterns on Paleozoic bivalves as a group. Analysis of Paleozoic color pattern distribution suggests that the appearance of predators in the Devonian may have influenced preferential evolutionary selection for the development of color patterns in bivalves.

Functional significance of preserved color patterns of mollusks from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) of Alabama

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Kelley ◽  
Charles T. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Life Mode ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Architectural Constraints

The excellent preservation of the molluscan fauna from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) at Little Stave Creek, Alabama, has made it possible to describe the preserved color patterns of 15 species. In this study the functional significance of these color patterns is tested in the context of the current adaptationist controversy. The pigment of the color pattern is thought to be a result of metabolic waste disposal. Therefore, the presence of the pigment is functional, although the patterns formed by the pigment may or may not have been adaptive. In this investigation the criteria proposed by Seilacher (1972) for testing the functionality of color patterns were applied to the Gosport fauna and the results compared with life mode as interpreted from knowledge of extant relatives and functional morphology. Using Seilacher's criteria of little ontogenetic and intraspecific variability, the color patterns appear to have been functional. However, the functional morphology studies indicate an infaunal life mode which would preclude functional color patterns. Particular color patterns are instead interpreted to be the result of historical factors, such as multiple adaptive peaks or random fixation of alleles, or of architectural constraints including possibly pleiotropy or allometry. The low variability of color patterns, which was noted within species and genera, suggests that color patterns may also serve a useful taxonomic purpose.

Framework for Selecting Vocabulary for Preliterate Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1009
Author(s):  
Allison Bean ◽  
Lindsey Paden Cargill ◽  
Samantha Lyle
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
School Based ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nonverbal Children ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Purpose Nearly 50% of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide services to school-age children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, many SLPs report having insufficient knowledge in the area of AAC implementation. The objective of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with a framework for supporting 1 area of AAC implementation: vocabulary selection for preliterate children who use AAC. Method This tutorial focuses on 4 variables that clinicians should consider when selecting vocabulary: (a) contexts/environments where the vocabulary can be used, (b) time span during which the vocabulary will be relevant, (c) whether the vocabulary can elicit and maintain interactions with other people, and (d) whether the vocabulary will facilitate developmentally appropriate grammatical structures. This tutorial focuses on the role that these variables play in language development in verbal children with typical development, verbal children with language impairment, and nonverbal children who use AAC. Results Use of the 4 variables highlighted above may help practicing SLPs select vocabulary that will best facilitate language acquisition in preliterate children who use AAC.

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