On Evolution Under Sexual and Viability Selection: A Two-Locus Diploid Model

Evolution ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Perin Otto
Keyword(s):  
Viability Selection ◽  
Diploid Model

scholarly journals Further Properties of Gavrilets’ One-Locus Two-Allele Model of Maternal Selection

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 1689-1692
Author(s):  
Hamish G Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Viability Selection ◽  
Diallelic Locus ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Allele Model

Abstract I derive several properties of the model proposed by Gavrilets for maternal selection at a single diallelic locus. Most notably, (i) stable oscillations of genotype frequencies (i.e., cycling) can occur and (ii) in the special case in which maternal effects and standard viability selection act multiplicatively, maternal selection effectively acts on maternally derived alleles only.

scholarly journals The Population Genetics of Synthetic Lethals

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C Phillips ◽  
Norman A Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Hybrid Breakdown ◽  
Selection Coefficient ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Synthetic Lethals ◽  
Mutant Homozygote ◽  
Diploid Model

Abstract Synthetic lethals are variants at different loci that have little or no effect on viability singly but cause lethality in combination. The importance of synthetic lethals and, more generally, of synthetic deleterious loci (SDL) has been controversial. Here, we derive the expected frequencies for SDL under a mutation-selection balance for the complete haploid model and selected cases of the diploid model. We have also obtained simple approximations that demonstrate good fit to exact solutions based on numerical iterations. In the haploid case, equilibrium frequencies of carrier haplotypes (individuals with only a single mutation) are comparable to analogous single-locus results, after allowing for the effects of linkage. Frequencies in the diploid case, however, are much higher and more comparable to the square root of the single-locus results. In particular, when selection operates only on the double-mutant homozygote and linkage is not too tight, the expected frequency of the carriers is approximately the quartic root of the ratio between the mutation rate and the selection coefficient of the synthetics. For a reasonably wide set of models, the frequencies of carriers can be on the order of a few percent. The equilibrium frequencies of these deleterious alleles can be relatively high because, with SDL, both dominance and epistasis act to shield carriers from exposure to selection. We also discuss the possible role of SDL in maintaining genetic variation and in hybrid breakdown.

scholarly journals The maternal cytoplasmic environment may be involved in the viability selection of gametes and zygotes

Heredity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z X Tang ◽  
X F Wang ◽  
M Z Zhang ◽  
Y H Zhang ◽  
D X Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viability Selection ◽  
Selection Of

PREFERENTIAL MATING IN SYMMETRIC MULTILOCUS SYSTEMS: STABILITY CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL EQUILIBRIUM

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
S Karlin ◽  
J Raper
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Sexual Attractiveness ◽  
Stability Conditions ◽  
Heterozygous State ◽  
Mating Pattern ◽  
Viability Selection ◽  
Class A ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Central Equilibrium

ABSTRACT Several multilocus models that incorporate both preferential mating and viability selection are studied. Specifically, a class of symmetric heterozygosity models are considered that assign individuals to phenotypic classes according to which loci are in heterozygous state regardless of the actual allelic content. Otherwise, an arbitrary number of loci, number of alleles per locus, and arbitrary recombination scheme, viability parameters and preferential mating pattern based on phenotypes are allowed. The conditions for the stability of a central polymorphism are indicated and interpreted. The effects of viability and preference selection may be summarized in a single quantity for each phenotypic class, a generalized fitness. Preferential assortative mating alone can produce stability for a central polymorphism as in the case of viability selection when sexual attractiveness or general fitness increases with higher levels of heterozygosity. The situation is more complex with sexual selection.

scholarly journals Viability Selection of Bovine Oocyte Using Annexin-V Assay

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Osman ◽  
Nurhaslina Hassan ◽  
Siti Fatimah Ibrahim ◽  
Chew Fang Nang ◽  
Zawawi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Annexin V ◽  
Bovine Oocyte ◽  
Viability Selection ◽  
Annexin V Assay ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals The ‘algebra of evolution’: the Robertson–Price identity and viability selection for body mass in a wild bird population

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1797) ◽  
pp. 20190359 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Hajduk ◽  
C. A. Walling ◽  
A. Cockburn ◽  
L. E. B. Kruuk
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Price Equation ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Selection Gradient ◽  
Viability Selection ◽  
Temporal Correlations

By the Robertson–Price identity, the change in a quantitative trait owing to selection, is equal to the trait's covariance with relative fitness. In this study, we applied the identity to long-term data on superb fairy-wrens Malurus cyaneus , to estimate phenotypic and genetic change owing to juvenile viability selection. Mortality in the four-week period between fledging and independence was 40%, and heavier nestlings were more likely to survive, but why? There was additive genetic variance for both nestling mass and survival, and a positive phenotypic covariance between the traits, but no evidence of additive genetic covariance. Comparing standardized gradients, the phenotypic selection gradient was positive, β P = 0.108 (0.036, 0.187 95% CI), whereas the genetic gradient was not different from zero, β A = −0.025 (−0.19, 0.107 95% CI). This suggests that factors other than nestling mass were the cause of variation in survival. In particular, there were temporal correlations between mass and survival both within and between years. We suggest that use of the Price equation to describe cross-generational change in the wild may be challenging, but a more modest aim of estimating its first term, the Robertson–Price identity, to assess within-generation change can provide valuable insights into the processes shaping phenotypic diversity in natural populations. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of the Price equation’.

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