scholarly journals Global Population Structure and Natural History of the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Terms of Matriarchal Phylogeny

Evolution ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Bowen ◽  
Anne B. Meylan ◽  
J. Perran Ross ◽  
Colin J. Limpus ◽  
George H. Balazs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Green Turtle ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Population

scholarly journals GLOBAL POPULATION STRUCTURE AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THE GREEN TURTLE (CHELONIA MYDAS) IN TERMS OF MATRIARCHAL PHYLOGENY

Evolution ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Bowen ◽  
Anne B. Meylan ◽  
J. Perran Ross ◽  
Colin J. Limpus ◽  
George H. Balazs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Green Turtle ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Population

Global population structure and demographic history of the grey seal

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 3999-4017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Klimova ◽  
C. D. Phillips ◽  
K. Fietz ◽  
M. T. Olsen ◽  
J. Harwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Population

scholarly journals An African origin for Mycobacterium bovis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Loiseau ◽  
Fabrizio Menardo ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
Elena Hailu ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Background and objectives Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae are two of the most important agents of tuberculosis in livestock and the most important causes of zoonotic tuberculosis in humans. However, little is known about the global population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary history of these pathogens. Methodology We compiled a global collection of 3364 whole-genome sequences from M.bovis and M.caprae originating from 35 countries and inferred their phylogenetic relationships, geographic origins and age. Results Our results resolved the phylogenetic relationship among the four previously defined clonal complexes of M.bovis, and another eight newly described here. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that M.bovis likely originated in East Africa. While some groups remained restricted to East and West Africa, others have subsequently dispersed to different parts of the world. Conclusions and implications Our results allow a better understanding of the global population structure of M.bovis and its evolutionary history. This knowledge can be used to define better molecular markers for epidemiological investigations of M.bovis in settings where whole-genome sequencing cannot easily be implemented. Lay summary During the last few years, analyses of large globally representative collections of whole-genome sequences (WGS) from the human-adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) lineages have enhanced our understanding of the global population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary history of these pathogens. In contrast, little corresponding data exists for M. bovis, the most important agent of tuberculosis in livestock. Using whole-genome sequences of globally distributed M. bovis isolates, we inferred the genetic relationships among different M. bovis genotypes distributed around the world. The most likely origin of M. bovis is East Africa according to our inferences. While some M. bovis groups remained restricted to East and West Africa, others have subsequently dispersed to different parts of the world driven by cattle movements.

Evolutionary history of green turtle populations, Chelonia mydas, from French Polynesia highlights the putative existence of a glacial refugium

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2725-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Boissin ◽  
Valentina Neglia ◽  
Faimano Boulet Colomb D’hauteserre ◽  
Miri Tatarata ◽  
Serge Planes
Keyword(s):  
Green Turtle ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Glacial Refugium ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Forty-year natural history study of Bahalana geracei Carpenter, 1981, an anchialine cave-dwelling isopod (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas: reproduction, growth, longevity, and population structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 105-156
Author(s):  
Jerry H. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Natural History Study ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Adult Growth ◽  
San Salvador Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Gravid Females

Almost nothing has been reported on the natural history of any of the world’s 92 species of cave cirolanids, including those from saltwater caves (anchialine). Over 1400 specimens of Bahalana geracei Carpenter, 1981 were collected in two caves from 1978–2018; size-frequency data provided insight into population structure. Some specimens were maintained alive over multiple years to study rarely reported activities for cave cirolanids: feeding, molting, growth, longevity, and reproduction. Photographs document these phenomena. Mating occurred after gravid females shed both halves of reproductive molts. Females can have multiple broods (iteroparous) with ~2.0–3.5 years per reproductive cycle: egg production (~9–24 months), mating, brooding (5–6 months), release of 6–55 mancas (2.3–3.3 mm long), and oostegite molt (~2–13 months after manca release). Estimated lifetime fecundity is 58 mancas per female; probable range is 20–120. In Lighthouse Cave, females outnumbered males (~4:1), grew larger (16.8 vs. 9.5 mm), and lived longer. Growth rates were slow: ~1–2 years for three instars of post-marsupial manca development (from ~2.3–4.0 mm); estimated adult growth rate was 0.8 mm/year (1.6 molts/year) for males, and 0.5 mm/year (1.5 molts/year) for females. Longevity estimates for females are 25–28 years with 23–30 instars, vs. 6–8 years for males with 13–15 instars. Males from Major’s Cave were nearly as numerous and as large (14.8 mm) as females; estimated longevity for males is >20 years. Longevity estimates of >20 years appear to be the longest for any isopod species. Female longevity probably increased by being starvation resistant, surviving multiple broods, cannibalizing smaller B. geracei, and living in a low-stress environment. Populations appear to be stable, relatively large, and not currently threatened.

scholarly journals An African origin for Mycobacterium bovis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Loiseau ◽  
Fabrizio Menardo ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
Elena Hailu ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Different Parts

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesMycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae are two of the most important agents of tuberculosis (TB) in livestock and the most important causes of zoonotic TB in humans. However, little is known about the global population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary history of these pathogens.MethodologyWe compiled a global collection of 3364 whole-genome sequences from M. bovis and M. caprae originating from 35 countries and inferred their phylogenetic relationships, geographic origins and age.ResultsOur results resolved the phylogenetic relationship among the four previously defined clonal complexes of M. bovis, and another eight newly described here. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that M. bovis likely originated in East Africa. While some groups remained restricted to East- and West Africa, others have subsequently dispersed to different parts of the world.Conclusions and implicationsOur results allow a better understanding of the global population structure of M. bovis and its evolutionary history. This knowledge can be used to define better molecular markers for epidemiological investigations of M. bovis in settings where whole genome sequencing cannot easily be implemented.

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