Studies on Food Size as a Selection Pressure on Body Size. I. Effects of Food Size on Fitness of Two Size Strains of Acheta domesticus L.

Evolution ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Tennis ◽  
Joseph F. Koonce ◽  
Mitsuo Teraguchi
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Food Size

Long-term divergence in body size produced by food size in laboratory populations of Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1395-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Tennis
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Food Size ◽  
Rule Out

Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that food size can act as a selection pressure on body size. For 19–22 generations, two strains of house crickets were reared on small-sized food, large-sized food, or a mixture. Within both strains, small food consistently and significantly produced smaller individuals than did large food or mixed food. In the hybrid strain, rearing of all food-size lines on the same food size revealed that differences observed among the food-size lines had a genetic component. Within the commercial strain, all food-size lines were reared on the same food size during generations 16 and 19 in order to test for genetic divergence among the lines. No differences in body size were observed among the lines for generation 16. However, during generation 19, when populations from each line were reared on all three food-size treatments, the small-food line contained the smallest crickets only when reared on mixed food or large food. Although one cannot rule out alternative hypotheses of maternal effects or genetic drift, the hypothesis of genetic selection on body size by food size cannot be rejected with these data.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variation in Maximum Ingested Food Size and Body Mass in Varecia rubra and Propithecus coquereli

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Hartstone-Rose ◽  
Jonathan M. G. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Varecia Rubra ◽  
Food Size ◽  
The Relationship

In a recent study, we quantified the scaling of ingested food size (Vb )—the maximum size at which an animal consistently ingests food whole—and found that Vb scaled isometrically between species of captive strepsirrhines. The current study examines the relationship between Vb and body size within species with a focus on the frugivorous Varecia rubra and the folivorous Propithecus coquereli. We found no overlap in Vb between the species (all V. rubra ingested larger pieces of food relative to those eaten by P. coquereli), and least-squares regression of Vb and three different measures of body mass showed no scaling relationship within each species. We believe that this lack of relationship results from the relatively narrow intraspecific body size variation and seemingly patternless individual variation in Vb within species and take this study as further evidence that general scaling questions are best examined interspecifically rather than intraspecifically.

scholarly journals Association of TMEM8B and SPAG8 with Mature Weight in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2391
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ulas Cinar ◽  
Michelle R. Mousel ◽  
Maria K. Herndon ◽  
J. Bret Taylor ◽  
Stephen N. White
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Signature Of Selection ◽  
Organism Growth ◽  
Mature Weight ◽  
Sheep Production

Signature of selection studies have identified many genomic regions with known functional importance and some without verified functional roles. Multiple studies have identified Transmembrane protein 8B (TMEM8B)rs426272889 as having been recently under extreme selection pressure in domesticated sheep, but no study has provided sheep phenotypic data clarifying a reason for extreme selection. We tested rs426272889 for production trait association in 770 U.S. Rambouillet, Targhee, Polypay, and Suffolk sheep. TMEM8Brs426272889 was associated with mature weight at 3 and 4 years (p < 0.05). This suggested selection for sheep growth and body size might explain the historical extreme selection pressure in this genomic region. We also tested Sperm-associated antigen 8 (SPAG8) rs160159557 encoding a G493C substitution. While this variant was associated with mature weights at ages 3 and 4, it was not as strongly associated as TMEM8Brs426272889. Transmembrane protein 8B has little functional information except as an inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation. To our knowledge, this is the first study linking TMEM8B to whole organism growth and body size under standard conditions. Additional work will be necessary to identify the underlying functional variant(s). Once identified, such variants could be used to improve sheep production through selective breeding.

scholarly journals Body size and food size in freshwater zooplankton

1984 ◽  
Vol 81 (20) ◽  
pp. 6427-6431 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Bogdan ◽  
J. J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Freshwater Zooplankton ◽  
Food Size

Egg size, prey size, and sexual size dimorphism in digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2187-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Male Size ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Apparent Association

Female digger wasps invest substantially in each of their offspring, laying relatively few, large eggs and providing the young with the insect prey on which they depend for food. In a study of six species in the genera Philanthus, Bembecinus, and Bembix, it was found that within each species, there is a positive correlation between female body size and both the size of their ovarial eggs and the size of the prey they provision. In five of the six species, females were larger than males on average. It is suggested that the apparent association between body size and certain aspects of parental investment by females may provide the directional selection pressure that results in the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in digger wasps. In one species, males and females have the same mean size, probably because, in this species, selection pressure on male size is similar to that on females.

scholarly journals The Jaw Adductors of Strepsirrhines in Relation to Body Size, Diet, and Ingested Food Size

2011 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M.G. Perry ◽  
Adam Hartstone-Rose ◽  
Christine E. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Food Size ◽  
Jaw Adductors

Heads up: sexual dimorphism in house crickets (Acheta domesticus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean E. Walker ◽  
J. Andrew Roberts ◽  
Israel Adame ◽  
Corey J. Collins ◽  
Daniel Lim
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Differential Selection ◽  
Males And Females

Many species are sexually dimorphic because of differential selection on each sex. In many species, males tend to have exaggerated traits or larger body size compared with females. In house crickets ( Acheta domesticus L., 1758), the males defend resources and compete for mates by engaging in a striking visual display sequence that includes mandible flaring, where males spread their mandibles wide open. This behavior presumably acts only in males as a visual signal of body size and as an indicator of the willingness to fight, as females do not exhibit this behavior. We tested the hypothesis that sex differences in the signals used for aggressive interactions will lead to sex differences in the morphology of the head in house crickets. To test this hypothesis we made linear measurements of body and head sizes on males and females and utilized geometric morphometric methods to reconstruct sex differences in shape. We also compared the total pigmented area of the faces of males and females. Males had larger heads with proportionally more pigmented area than females and there were significant shape differences. In addition, allometric relationships between head size and body size indicated that head size increases faster than body size in males. Geometric morphometric analysis indicated that the shape differences result in an exaggeration of the mandibular area in males compared with females. These data suggest that the differential selection acting on males and females can lead to differences in size, shape, and pigmentation related to signal structure and function.

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