Evolution and Hybridization in the Utetheisa ornatrix Complex (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). I. Inter- and Intrapopulation Variation and Its Relation to Hybridization

Evolution ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Utetheisa Ornatrix ◽  
Intrapopulation Variation

scholarly journals Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on organically grown Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Costa ◽  
W.S. Tavares ◽  
A.I.A. Pereira ◽  
I. Cruz ◽  
J.E. Serrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Utetheisa Ornatrix ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Lifetime Fecundity ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Organically Grown

Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae can avoid foraging on plants of Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) after the issuance of floral buds, when the prey of Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) incorporate toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from this plant. This reduces the predation and favors increasing the number of adults and eggs of this defoliator on crops of this plant. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate some biological and ecological aspects of C. externa and U. ornatrix on the organic crop of C. juncea in the EMBRAPA Maize and Sorghum in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Chrysoperla externa and U. ornatrix were more abundant in the vegetative and flowering stages of C. juncea, respectively, with caterpillars of this defoliator feeding on leaves and seeds of this plant. The duration of the stages/instars, survival, lifetime fecundity, and oviposition showed that the branches of C. juncea are a suitable food for U. ornatrix. The abundance of adults and larvae of C. externa was lower in the flowering and pods stages of C. juncea, respectively, when the postures of U. ornatrix are present, probably due to the toxicity of the eggs of this prey to this predator. During these stages, C. externa may be reared with alternative hosts, and when the crops of C. juncea are scarce, an artificial diet should be used for rearing this defoliator in the laboratory for biological research and the development of biological control tactics.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation among and within United States Collard Cultivars and Landraces as Determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Intrapopulation Variation ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Systematic Collection

A collection of collard (Brassica oleracea L., Acephala group) germplasm, including 13 cultivars or breeding lines and 5 landraces, was evaluated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and compared to representatives of kale (Acephala group), cabbage (Capitata group), broccoli (Italica group), Brussels sprouts (Gemmifera group), and cauliflower (Botrytis group). Objectives were to assess genetic variation and relationships among collard and other crop entries, evaluate intrapopulation variation of open-pollinated (OP) collard lines, and determine the potential of collard landraces to provide new B. oleracea genes. Two hundred nine RAPD bands were scored from 18 oligonucleotide decamer primers when collard and other B. oleracea entries were compared. Of these, 147 (70%) were polymorphic and 29 were specific to collard. Similarity indices between collard entries were computed from RAPD data and these ranged from 0.75 to 0.99 with an average of 0.83. Collard entries were most closely related to cabbage (similarity index = 0.83) and Brussels sprouts entries (index = 0.80). Analysis of individuals of an OP cultivar and landrace indicated that intrapopulation genetic variance accounts for as much variation as that observed between populations. RAPD analysis identified collard landraces as unique genotypes and showed them to be sources of unique DNA markers. The systematic collection of collard landraces should enhance diversity of the B. oleracea germplasm pool and provide genes for future crop improvement.

scholarly journals Dados bionômicos de Utetheisa ornatrix (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae)

Bragantia ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 14 (unico) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Romeu de Tella
Keyword(s):  
Utetheisa Ornatrix

Utetheisa ornatrix (L., 1758) é, entre os inimigos de Crotalaria spp., o mais prejudicial. Sua lagarta, atacando de preferência a vagem da planta, come tôdas as sementes, danificando sobremaneira a produção. O inseto passa por cinco instars e sua evolução, em condições de laboratório, nos meses de maio a setembro, foi em média de 51 dias, dos quais 22 passados no estado larval. Uma fêmea põe em média 459 ovos, em 10 posturas. Foi constatada a presença de alguns inimigos naturais: Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera), Ypophcemiops sp. e Archytas sp. (Diptera). Obtivemos também um biperparasita Mesochorus sp. (Hymenoptera), parasitando aquele microhimenoptero.

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