Island Populations and Gene Flow in the Deer Mouse, Peromyscus leucopus

Evolution ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sheppe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Island Populations

scholarly journals Field Identification of the Mice Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis and P. maniculatus gracilis in Central New York

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Stewart Lindquist ◽  
Charles F. Aquadro ◽  
Deedra McClearn ◽  
Kevin J. McGowan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
White Footed Mouse

Field identification of the White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis) and Long-tailed Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis) is difficult because of their similar external morphology. Peromyscus were sampled by live-trapping during a five-year period (1992-1996) at the Arnot Teaching and Research Forest, Van Etten, New York and identified to species by electrophoresis of their salivary amylase. No electromorphs were shared between P. leucopus and P. maniculatus, thus permitting unambiguous species identification of individuals. Means and ranges of four external measurements (ear, head-body, hind-foot, and tail) and tail to head-body ratio were determined for amylase-genotyped live mice. Although some body measurements did differ on average between the two species (ear, head-body, and tail for adults; hind-foot and tail for juveniles), the ranges of these overlap considerably. When the four external measurements (excluding the tail to head-body ratio) were used to construct two discriminant-function equations, they yielded correct identification of 80% of the adult P. l. noveboracensis and P. m. gracilis assessed excluding juveniles, and 71% of adult and juvenile mice combined. The function reported here allows partial field identification, but genetic analysis remains the only reliable field method for differentiation between live P. l. noveboracensis and P. m. gracilis. Includes erratum for a figure in this article.

Opiates and deer mouse behaviour: differences between island and mainland populations

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2504-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan G. L. Innes ◽  
Martin Kavaliers
Keyword(s):  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Opiate Receptor ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Mouse Behaviour ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Μ Opiate Receptor ◽  
Neurochemical Correlates

A number of the behavioural and ecological characteristics of island populations of small mammals differ from their mainland counterparts. Little is known, however, about possible neurochemical correlates of these behavioural differences. Substantial evidence indicates that endogenous opioid peptides are differentially involved in the regulation of the expression of fundamental behavioural and physiological functions, including responses to aversive stimuli and enhanced nociceptive thresholds (analgesia). In the present study, we compared the effects of peripherally administered δ- κ-, and μ-opiate receptor directed agonists and antagonists on the analgesic responses and locomotor activity of four different populations of male and female deer mice: Peromyscus maniculatus artemisiae and P. m. nebrascensis from mainlands, and P. m. angustus and P. m. triangularis from small islands. The insular deer mice displayed markedly greater μ-opiate and significantly lower δ- and κ-opiate mediated responses than the mainland animals. In all of the populations males displayed significantly greater opiate-induced analgesic responses and locomotory changes than females. These results demonstrate that there are marked population and sex differences in the opiate-mediated behavioural responses of deer mice. These "pharmaco-ecological" findings also suggest that the behavioural differences between island and mainland populations of deer mice may, in part, be related to differences in opioid activity.

Dispersal and gene flow in the habitat-forming kelp, Ecklonia radiata: relative degrees of isolation across an east - west coastline

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Coleman ◽  
B. M. Gillanders ◽  
S. D. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Ecklonia Radiata ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Oceanic Currents ◽  
East West

Characterising patterns of dispersal and gene flow in habitat-forming organisms is becoming a focal concern for conservation and management strategies as anthropogenic impacts drive change in coastal ecosystems. Here, we use six microsatellite markers to characterise dispersal and gene flow across the South Australian distribution of the habitat-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata. Populations of E. radiata on subtidal reefs in South Australia were highly genetically structured on large (100s of km, FST = 0.211) and small (10s of km, FST = 0.042) spatial scales with the extent of differentiation positively correlated with geographic distances among populations. Neither the presence of oceanic currents nor intervening rocky reef habitats appeared to facilitate widespread gene flow. There was a trend for island populations to be more genetically differentiated from those on the mainland and to have slightly greater levels of heterozygosity than mainland populations. Our results show relatively low dispersal and gene flow suggesting that recovery following kelp loss may be slow. Such information not only provides insights into relative rates of recovery, but may also identify which populations may be best used for propagation and restoration efforts.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the widespread Caribbean spiny orb weaver Gasteracantha cancriformis

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8976
Author(s):  
Lisa Chamberland ◽  
Fabian C. Salgado-Roa ◽  
Alma Basco ◽  
Amanda Crastz-Flores ◽  
Greta J. Binford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
New World ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Morphological Species ◽  
Globally Distributed

Background Modern molecular analyses are often inconsistent with pre-cladistic taxonomic hypotheses, frequently indicating higher richness than morphological taxonomy estimates. Among Caribbean spiders, widespread species are relatively few compared to the prevalence of single island endemics. The taxonomic hypothesis Gasteracantha cancriformis circumscribes a species with profuse variation in size, color and body form. Distributed throughout the Neotropics, G. cancriformis is the only morphological species of Gasteracantha in the New World in this globally distributed genus. Methods We inferred phylogenetic relationships across Neotropical populations of Gasteracantha using three target genes. Within the Caribbean, we estimated genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow among island populations. Results Our findings revealed a single widespread species of Gasteracantha throughout the Caribbean, G. cancriformis, while suggesting two recently divergent mainland populations that may represent separate species, diverging linages, or geographically isolated demes. The concatenated and COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) phylogeny supported a Caribbean clade nested within the New World. Genetic variability was high between island populations for our COI dataset; however, gene flow was also high, especially between large, adjacent islands. We found structured genetic and morphological variation within G. cancriformis island populations; however, this variation does not reflect genealogical relationships. Rather, isolation by distance and local morphological adaptation may explain the observed variation.

scholarly journals Estimating gene flow in island populations

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Rannala ◽  
J. A. Hartigan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Island Model ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Continuous Generation ◽  
Subdivided Populations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pseudo Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Parameter Values

SummaryA new method is presented for estimating the rate of gene flow into island populations using the distribution of alleles in samples from a number of islands. The pseudo maximum likelihood estimator (PMLE) that we derive may be applied to species with either discrete or continuous generation times. For Wright's discrete-generation island model, the method provides an estimate of θ = 2Nm where N is the (haploid) population size on each island and m is the fraction of individuals replaced by immigrants in each generation. For a continuous-generation island model, the corresponding parameter φ is the ratio of the immigration rate φ to the individual birth rate λ. Monte Carlo simulations are used to compare the statistical properties of the PMLE with those of two alternative estimatorsof θ derived from Wright's F-statistics. The PMLE is shown to have greatest efficiency (least mean square error) in most cases for a wide range of sample sizes and parameter values. The PMLE is applied to estimate θ using mtDNA haplotypes and allozymes for subdivided populations of African elephants and Channel Island foxes.

scholarly journals Differentiation with drift: a spatio-temporal genetic analysis of Galápagos mockingbird populations ( Mimus spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1543) ◽  
pp. 1127-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paquita E. A. Hoeck ◽  
Jennifer L. Bollmer ◽  
Patricia G. Parker ◽  
Lukas F. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Island Size ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Small and isolated island populations provide ideal systems to study the effects of limited population size, genetic drift and gene flow on genetic diversity. We assessed genetic diversity within and differentiation among 19 mockingbird populations on 15 Galápagos islands, covering all four endemic species, using 16 microsatellite loci. We tested for signs of drift and gene flow, and used historic specimens to assess genetic change over the last century and to estimate effective population sizes. Within-population genetic diversity and effective population sizes varied substantially among island populations and correlated strongly with island size, suggesting that island size serves as a good predictor for effective population size. Genetic differentiation among populations was pronounced and increased with geographical distance. A century of genetic drift did not change genetic diversity on an archipelago-wide scale, but genetic drift led to loss of genetic diversity in small populations, especially in one of the two remaining populations of the endangered Floreana mockingbird. Unlike in other Galápagos bird species such as the Darwin's finches, gene flow among mockingbird populations was low. The clear pattern of genetically distinct populations reflects the effects of genetic drift and suggests that Galápagos mockingbirds are evolving in relative isolation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document