Decline of Arable Weed Seeds During 20 Years in Soil Under Grass and the Periodicity of Seedling Emergence After Cultivation

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Chancellor
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Weed Seeds

The role of arable weed seeds for agroecosystem functioning

Weed Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C FRANKE ◽  
L A P LOTZ ◽  
W J VAN DER BURG ◽  
L VAN OVERBEEK
Keyword(s):  
Arable Weed ◽  
Weed Seeds

scholarly journals A new insight into arable weed adaptive evolution: mutations endowing herbicide resistance also affect germination dynamics and seedling emergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Délye ◽  
Yosra Menchari ◽  
Séverine Michel ◽  
Émilie Cadet ◽  
Valérie Le Corre
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Effect of cultivation methods on weed seed distribution and seedling emergence

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rahman ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
J. Mellsop ◽  
N. Grbavac
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Linear Decline

The influence of four cultivation treatments viz ploughing rotary hoeing power harrowing and no soil disturbance on the distribution of weed seeds in the soil profile was investigated in a field trial Weed seeds were counted by dry sieving soil samples collected from 05 510 1015 and 1520 cm depths The density and species of weeds that emerged in field plots were also recorded at threeweekly intervals Samples from undisturbed plots showed a linear decline with depth Ploughing was the only treatment that caused a significant shift of seeds to the deeper profile Ploughed plots had significantly fewer weed seedlings than other treatments due to lower numbers of both summer grasses and broadleaf weeds Undisturbed plots contained significantly fewer broadleaf species and weed emergence was delayed Implications of these results for seedbank sampling methodology and weed management strategies are discussed

scholarly journals Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on Population Changing Pattern of Pennisetum polystachion in Coconut Plantations of Sri Lanka

CORD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
S.H.S. Senarathne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Weed Infestation

Pennisetum polystachion is a major problematic monocotyledonous weed species and a perennial problem in intermediate zone of coconut plantations in Sri Lanka. This study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of different management systems on P. polystachion seedling emergence patterns.The tested treatments were application of glyphosate (T1), cover cropping with Pueraria phaseoloides (T2), tractor harrowing (T3), tractor slashing (T4) and tractor ploughing (T5). All the treatments were applied twice a year except T2. As T2 cover crop at the initiation of the experiment and over grown conditions were managed by harrowing once a year. Based on the reduction in weed biomass, cover cropping (T2) was the best to reduce the P. polystachion population and to reduce P. polystachion seedling emergence density in the field. Chemical weeding was the second-best method to control the P. polystachion population in the field. The effectiveness of slashing in reducing weed seedling emergence density was lower than cover cropping and chemical weeding methods. The weed seedling emergence densities were almost similar in ploughed and harrowed plots. The seed depth of emerged seedling was very high in harrowed and ploughed treatments when compared to other treatments. Results given by T3 and T5 indicates that loosening the soil creates more favorable environment for the germination of weed seeds buried in soil. Therefore, it can be argued that the elimination of weed seeds in the top 2cm or 4cm in the soil seed bank by any means is likely to reduce the level of weed infestation by about 60% to 95%. Results also indicated that burying rhizomes in ploughing and harrowing treatment plots at the depths below 30 - 40 cm is effective in controlling germination of this weed species. This experiment also suggested that keeping rhizomes on the soil surface without burying for durations of 5 – 15 days would produce weak plants with poor development.

Seed Germination and Seedling Recruitment Behavior of Winged Sea Lavender (Limonium lobatum) in Southern Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. L. Kleemann ◽  
Gurjeet Gill
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Sea Lavender ◽  
C 50

AbstractWinged sea lavender [Limonium lobatum(L.f. Chaz)] is emerging as a significant weed of field crops in southern Australia. Several environmental factors affecting germination and seedling recruitment were examined to provide a better understanding of the behavior of its seedbank. At maturity, weed seeds were dormant for a period of around 2 mo, but dormancy was easily broken with scarification or by pretreatment with 564 mM NaOCL for 30 min, which confirms the role of the seed coat in regulating seed germination. Exposure to light significantly increased germination. Seeds were able to germinate over a broad range of temperatures (5 to 30 C), with maximum germination (~92%) at temperatures between 10 and 30 C. At 20 to 25 C, 50% germination was reached within 1.3 to 2 d, and the predicted base temperature for germination of the two populations ranged from 1.4 to 3.9 C. The NaCl concentration required to inhibit germination by 50% was 230 mM, with some seeds capable of germination at salinity levels as high as 480 mM. These results indicated greater tolerance to salinity inL. lobatumthan many other Australian agricultural weed species previously investigated. Seedling emergence was the highest (51% to 57%) for seeds present on the soil surface and was significantly reduced by burial at 1 cm (≤11%) and 2 cm (≤2%), with no emergence at 5 cm. Under field conditions, seedling recruitment varied considerably among the three experimental sites. The level of seedling recruitment was negatively associated with rainfall received at the site, organic carbon (OC) level, and microbial biomass of the soil. Rapid decay of weed seeds in high-OC soils appears to be an important determinant of seedling recruitment in this species and could explain greater occurrence ofL. lobatumon soils with low OC and low microbial activity in low-rainfall areas of southern Australia. Furthermore, many such soils in southern Australia are affected by salinity, which would enableL. lobatumto be more competitive with crops and other weeds present at a site.

scholarly journals Predicting broadleaf weed populations in maize from the soil seedbank

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rahman ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
J.M. Mellsop ◽  
N. Grbavac
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Plots

Investigations over three years studied the relationship between weed seeds in the soil seedbank and the resultant populations of broadleaf weeds in maize fields Plots were protected from preemergence herbicide after which soil samples (100 mm) were collected and weed seeds therein enumerated Emerged weed seedlings in field plots were counted over the following 8 weeks Up to 67 broadleaf weed species were identified although not all were found at every site and some were specific to a region or soil type On average 2182 of the seed in the soil seedbank emerged For most weeds strong linear relationships were noted between seedling numbers and the seed numbers in the soil although for some like white clover (Trifolium repens) only a weak relationship was observed In the case of fathen (Chenopodium album) which had the largest seedbank there was evidence of asymptotic behaviour with seedling emergence levelling off at high seed numbers

scholarly journals Seed Burial Physical Environment Explains Departures from Regional Hydrothermal Model of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Seedling Emergence in U.S. Midwest

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Davis ◽  
Sharon Clay ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
Anita Dille ◽  
Frank Forcella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Time ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Giant Ragweed

Robust predictions of weed seedling emergence from the soil seedbank are needed to aid weed management. A common seed accession (Illinois) of giant ragweed was buried in replicate experimental gardens over 18 site years in Illinois, Michigan, Kansas, Nebraska, Ohio, and South Dakota to examine the importance of site and climate variability by year on seedling emergence. In a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach, we used a flexible sigmoidal function (Weibull) to model giant ragweed cumulative seedling emergence in relation to hydrothermal time accumulated in each site-year. An iterative search method across a range of base temperature (Tb) and base and ceiling soil matric potentials (ψband ψc) for accumulation of hydrothermal time identified optima (Tb= 4.4 C, ψb= −2,500 kPa, ψc= 0 kPa) that resulted in a parsimonious regional model. Deviations between the fits for individual site-years and the fixed effects regional model were characterized by a negative relationship between random effects for the shape parameterlrc(natural log of the rate constant, indicating the speed at which emergence progressed) and thermal time (base 10 C) during the seed burial period October through March (r= −0.51, P = 0.03). One possible implication of this result is that cold winter temperatures are required to break dormancy in giant ragweed seeds. By taking advantage of advances in statistical computing approaches, development of robust regional models now is possible for explaining arable weed seedling emergence progress across wide regions.

Postdispersal Loss of Important Arable Weed Seeds in the Midsouthern United States

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Weed Seeds

Postdispersal processes play an important role in the regulation of weed population dynamics. Experiments were conducted at two locations in Arkansas to understand postdispersal loss of five arable weed species important to this region—barnyardgrass, johnsongrass, pitted morningglory, Palmer amaranth, and red rice—between seed dispersal in autumn and the production of fresh seeds the subsequent autumn. Total seed loss through predation, decay, germination (fatal or successful), and loss in viability was estimated, and the influences of residue level and seed burial depth (near ground vs. 5 cm deep) were also examined. On average, the active (i.e., viable) seedbank proportion in spring (5 mo after dispersal) ranged from 8 to 11% (barnyardgrass), 10 to 11% (johnsongrass), 20 to 23% (pitted morningglory), 4 to 6% (Palmer amaranth), and 5 to 10% (red rice) across the two locations. At 1 yr after dispersal, 0.7 to 1.5% of barnyardgrass, 7 to 8% of johnsongrass, 5 to 9% of pitted morningglory, about 1.5% of Palmer amaranth, and 0.2 to 0.7% of red rice were part of the active seedbank for the two locations. There was no evidence to suggest that establishing a vegetation cover (such as a rye cover crop) after harvest of the main crop could accelerate seed predation. Burial depth did not influence seed decay, but most (45 [pitted morningglory] to 99% [Palmer amaranth]) of the seeds retrieved from the predator feeding stations were found buried in the soil substrate, and thus, not available for most predator species. This suggests that practices that allow weed seeds to lie on the soil surface (such as no-till planting in autumn) are highly valuable in encouraging seed predation. The high levels of seed loss observed in this study indicate that seedbank management should be a vital component of integrated weed management strategies.

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