Collective Mind in Organizations: Heedful Interrelating on Flight Decks

Karl E. Weick; Karlene H. Roberts

doi:10.2307/2393372

Supersizing Intelligence: How the Collective Mind Builds on Dual Networks

Strategic Change ◽

10.1002/jsc.2202 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 291-300

Author(s):

Matthew S. Checkley ◽

Maria Fernanda Abarca Galindo

Keyword(s):

Collective Mind

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Absence of Pilot Monitoring Affects Scanning Behavior of Pilot Flying: Implications for the Design of Single-Pilot Cockpits

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/0018720820939691 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 001872082093969

Author(s):

Anja K. Faulhaber ◽

Maik Friedrich ◽

Tatjana Kapol

Keyword(s):

Technological Progress ◽

External View ◽

Commercial Aviation ◽

Time Scanning ◽

Flight Decks ◽

Fixed Base ◽

High Workload ◽

Continuous Scanning ◽

Flight Parameters ◽

Scanning Behavior

Objective This study examines whether the pilot flying’s (PF) scanning behavior is affected by the absence of the pilot monitoring (PM) and aims at deriving implications for the design of single-pilot cockpits for commercial aviation. Background Due to technological progress, a crew reduction from two-crew to single-pilot operations (SPO) might be feasible. This requires a redesign of the cockpit to support the pilot adequately, especially during high workload phases such as approach and landing. In these phases, the continuous scanning of flight parameters is of particular importance. Method Experienced pilots flew various approach and landing scenarios with or without the support of the PM in a fixed-base Airbus A320 simulator. A within-subject design was used and eye-tracking data were collected to analyze scanning behavior. Results The results confirm that the absence of the PM affects the PF’s scanning behavior. Participants spent significantly more time scanning secondary instruments at the expense of primary instruments when flying alone. Moreover, the frequency of transitions between the cockpit instruments and the external view increased while mean dwell durations on the external view decreased. Conclusion The findings suggest that the PM supports the PF to achieve efficient scanning behavior. Information should be presented differently in commercial SPO to compensate for the PM’s absence and to avoid visual overload. Application This research will help inform the design of commercial SPO flight decks providing adequate support for the pilot particularly in terms of efficient scanning behavior.

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Visual and auditory feedback to improve touchscreen usability in turbulence

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931213601488 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 89-93

Author(s):

Yuzhi Wan ◽

Julie C. Prinet ◽

Nadine Sarter

Keyword(s):

Error Detection ◽

Auditory Feedback ◽

Completion Time ◽

Text Entry ◽

Mobile Environments ◽

Military Aircraft ◽

Flight Decks ◽

Performance Effects ◽

Flight Deck ◽

Completion Times

Touchscreens are being introduced to various mobile environments that are, at times, affected by vibrations and turbulence, such as modern car cockpits or flight decks of commercial and military aircraft. To assess and enhance the usability of touchscreens in these domains, this experiment examined the performance effects of turbulence on two flight-related tasks and the effectiveness of visual and auditory feedback for supporting error detection, fast completion times and multitasking. Nineteen pilots performed a flight plan entry and a checklist task in calm and turbulent conditions during manual flight and on autopilot. Results show that unaided performance suffers greatly in turbulence, both in terms of the number of errors and completion time. However, visual and auditory feedback both helped reduce these performance costs by improving error detection and multitasking. Participants preferred auditory feedback for text entry during manual flight and in turbulence. The findings from this study can inform the design and evaluation of touch screens for mobile environments, such as the flight deck, ambulances and surveillance operations.

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Display standards for commercial flight decks

10.1117/12.177783 ◽

1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Larry S. Lamberth ◽

Cecil W. Penn

Keyword(s):

Flight Decks ◽

Commercial Flight

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Team Cognition, Collective Efficacy, and Performance in Strategic Decision-Making Teams

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2012.40.3.381 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 381-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Huey-Wen Chou ◽

Yu-Hsun Lin ◽

Shyan-Bin Chou

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Collective Efficacy ◽

Team Performance ◽

Strategic Decision ◽

Strategic Decision Making ◽

Team Cognition ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Collective Mind ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

With the growing use of teamwork for strategic decision making in organizations, an understanding of the teamwork dynamics in the strategic decision-making process is critical for both researchers and practitioners. By conceptualizing team cognition in terms of a transactive memory system (TMS) and collective mind, in this study we explored the relationships among TMS, collective mind, and collective efficacy and the impact of these variables on team performance. Longitudinal data collected from 98 undergraduates were analyzed. Neither the TMS–team performance relationship nor the collective mind–team performance relationship was significant. Collective efficacy was found to play a mediating role in such relationships. We concluded that team cognition with collective efficacy is beneficial for understanding teamwork dynamics in strategic decision making.

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