Does Defoliation Affect Reproductive Output in Herbaceous Perennials and Woody Plants in Different Ways?

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Obeso
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials

scholarly journals Water-efficient Urban Landscapes: Integrating Different Water Use Categorizations and Plant Types

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Sun ◽  
Kelly Kopp ◽  
Roger Kjelgren
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Optimum Water

Little research has examined water requirements of entire irrigated urban landscapes integrating different types of plants. Three landscape treatments integrating different types of plants—woody, herbaceous perennial, turf—and putative water use classifications—mesic, mixed, xeric—were grown in large drainage lysimeters. Each landscape plot was divided into woody plant, turf, and perennial hydrozones and irrigated for optimum water status over 2 years and water use measured using a water balance approach. For woody plants and herbaceous perennials, canopy cover rather than plant type or water use classification was the key determinant of water use relative to reference evapotranspiration (ETo) under well-watered conditions. For turf, monthly evapotranspiration (ETa) followed a trend linearly related to ETo. Monthly plant factors (Kp) for woody plants, perennials, and turf species under well-watered conditions in this study ranged from 0.3 to 0.9, 0.2 to 0.5, and 0.5 to 1.2, respectively. Adjusted Kp for each hydrozone was calculated based on landscaped area covered by plant types as a percent of total area, and landscape factor (Kl) was calculated based on adjusted Kp for each landscape treatment. Overall, Kl relative to ETo ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 for three water use classifications.

scholarly journals Nitrogen:Phosphorus:Potassium Ratios Affect Production of Two Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. Kraus ◽  
S.L. Warren ◽  
G.J. Bjorkquist ◽  
A.W. Lowder ◽  
C.M. Tchir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Annual Plants ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Fertilizer Solution ◽  
Fertilizer Solutions

A series of experiments were undertaken to determine the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations and N:P:K ratio on flowering and vegetative growth of two herbaceous perennials, Hibiscus moscheutos L. (hibiscus) and Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii Ait. ‘Goldsturm’ (rudbeckia). Plant growth and flowering of both hibiscus and rudbeckia were influenced by concentration and ratio of N, P, and K. When N was held constant at 100 mg·L−1, 4:1 N:K (25 mg·L−1 K) and 16:1 N:P (6.3 mg·L−1 P) were optimal for growing hibiscus, whereas higher K concentration (1:2 N:K, 200 mg·L−1 K) and lower P concentration (32:1 N:P, 3.1 mg·L−1 N) were required for optimal growth of rudbeckia. However, when holding N constant at 100 mg·L−1 and varying both P and K in the fertilizer solutions, higher P and K concentrations and a 2:1:2 (50 mg·L−1 P, 100 mg·L−1 K) N:P:K ratio best supported hibiscus growth, whereas 3:1:2 (33 mg·L−1 P, 66 mg·L−1 K) N:P:K was needed for growth of rudbeckia. Finally, when both N concentration and N:P:K ratio were altered, optimum growth of both hibiscus and rudbeckia was achieved at similar and lower P and K concentrations (25 mg·L−1 P and 50 mg·L−1 K) and 200 mg·L−1 N. An 8:1:2 N:P:K ratio was optimum for production of both hibiscus and rudbeckia, although 12:1:2 N:P:K (200 mg·L−1 N, 17 mg·L−1 P, 33 mg·L−1 K) produced similar growth of rudbeckia. Based on results of these two herbaceous perennials, it appears herbaceous perennials have N requirements similar to annual plants and P and K requirements similar to woody plants. Furthermore, the two herbaceous perennials used in this study required nutrients in the fertilizer solution at a higher N:P:K ratio than either annual or woody plants. Foliar concentrations of 2.2% N, 0.4% P, and 1.9% K were adequate for growth of hibiscus, whereas 2.4% N, 0.2% P, and 2.6% K were required to maximize growth of rudbeckia.

scholarly journals Preemergence Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 745E-746
Author(s):  
James Klett* ◽  
Dave Staats ◽  
Matt Rogoyski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Festuca Ovina ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Buxus Microphylla ◽  
Mahonia Aquifolium

During the 2003 season, preemergence herbicide was applied to twelve container grown herbaceous perennials and woody plants and evaluated for weed control, phytotoxicity, and effect on plant growth. The herbicide and rates were: Flumioxazin (Broadstar) 113.5 g (label rate), 227 g and 454 g a.i./A. Herbicides were applied to Buxus microphylla `Winter Gem', Cytisus purgans `Spanish Gold', Festuca ovina glauca `Elijah Blue', Hakonechloa macra `Aureola', Lonicera tatarica `Arnold Red', Pachysandra terminalis `Green Sheen', Hydrangea arborescens `Annabelle', Mahonia aquifolium, Phalaris arundinacea `Picta', Carex buchananii, Cerastium tomentosum, and Achillea millefolium `Red Beauty'. Weed control was excellent at all rates and controlled at least 99% of all weeds. No phytotoxicity symptoms were apparent on Mahonia, Buxus, Cytisus, Festuca, Hakonechloa, Pachysandra or Phlaris. Phytotoxicity resulted on some of the other plants. Carex had smaller plants (dry weights) at all rates. Cerastium had severe phytotoxicty at the 227 g and 454 g rates and moderate stunting at the recommended label rate, 113.5 g. Hydrangea became chlorotic and stunted at the 113.5 g rate and some fatal toxicity ocurred at the 227 g and 454 g rates. Phytotoxicity resulted on Lonicera at all rates and ranged from mild chlorosis in leaf veins (113.5 g rate) to plant death (454 g rate). Achillea at the 113.5 g rate only resulted in stunted plant growth while the 227 g and 454 g rates resulted in severe phytotoxcity and plant death.

Physiological constraints on response by Ostrya virginiana (Betulaceae) to localized folivory

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1951-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Herbivore Damage ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Ostrya Virginiana ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Individual twigs of eastern hophornbeam were experimentally defoliated at the time of spring peak herbivore abundance for this plant species. When all three leaves directly subtending developing fruits and all leaves (three to five total) from the nearest twig were removed to simulate natural folivory, there was a 25% decrease in mass of individual fruits (but not in fruit number) compared with control twigs. Lower damage of up to 50% area removal for subtending and nonsubtending leaves combined produced no significant decrease in reproductive output. Experimental defoliation had no effect on growth, reproduction, or survivorship of treatment twigs in the subsequent year. At no time during the study was natural herbivore damage high enough on individual twigs to decrease their reproductive output. These results add to the evidence that resource movement among adjacent twigs and branches of woody plants is not sufficient to compensate for localized damage. Thus, we must consider both the pattern of folivory as well as total leaf area removed to understand the effects of folivorous insects on plant growth and reproduction. Key words: folivory, Ostrya virginiana, physiological integration, plant reproduction.

scholarly journals (339) Preemergence Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1024A-1024
Author(s):  
James E. Klett ◽  
David Staats ◽  
Matt Rogoyski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials

During the 2004 season, preemergence herbicide was applied to 12 container-grown herbaceous perennials and woody plants and evaluated for weed control, phytotoxicity, and effect on plant growth. The herbicide and rates were: pendimethalin (Pendulum 2G) 908 g (label rate), 1816 g, and 3632 g/acre a.i. Herbicides were applied to lady's mantle (Alchemilla mollis), purple rock cress (Aubretia species), blue wild indigo (Baptisia australis), pink pussytoes (Antennaria dioica var. rosea), common sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), redhot poker (Kniphofia uvaria), showy goldenrod (Solidago speciosa), heartleaf foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia), lavender (Lavendula angustifolia), blue flax (Linum perenne), catmint (Nepeta ×faassenii), and hen and chicks (Sempervivum tectorum). At 32 and 117 days after application, plants were evaluated for phytotoxicity. No phytotoxicity symptoms were apparent on any of the plants tested. Weed control was good in most cases with this herbicide but it did not control all weeds. Increasing the rates from 1× (label rate) did not significantly improve weed control.

Effect of sublethal predation on reproductive output of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster sp., with an overview of arm damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Budden ◽  
I Butler ◽  
K Wolfe ◽  
D Deaker ◽  
H Sweatman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Sublethal Predation

Impact of fishing losses of males on the reproductive output of the large protogynous fish, Choerodon schoenleinii

2018 ◽  
Vol 602 ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sato ◽  
M Kobayashi ◽  
T Kurihara ◽  
T Takebe ◽  
N Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output
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