Growth and Fertilization Responses of Hawaiian Tree Ferns

Biotropica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Walker ◽  
Gregory H. Aplet
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ferns

scholarly journals Expected impacts of climate change on tree ferns distribution and diversity patterns in subtropical Atlantic Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luís de Gasper ◽  
Guilherme Salgado Grittz ◽  
Carlos Henrique Russi ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Schwartz ◽  
Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

scholarly journals Spore germination of two tree-ferns

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
G. M. Felippe ◽  
L. M. Esteves ◽  
W. M. Ferreira ◽  
Therezinha S. Melhem
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Tree Ferns

scholarly journals Two New Fern Chloroplasts and Decelerated Evolution Linked to the Long Generation Time in Tree Ferns

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1166-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zhong ◽  
R. Fong ◽  
L. J. Collins ◽  
P. A. McLenachan ◽  
D. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Tree Ferns

Host preferences of low-trunk vascular epiphytes in a cloud forest of Veracruz, Mexico

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Mehltreter ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽  
José G. García-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Host Group ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Epiphyte Species

The diversity, abundance and frequency of vascular epiphytes on the lower trunk were compared between two host groups of a Mexican cloud forest: angiosperm trees (n = 72) and tree ferns (n = 28). The bark of the five most frequent host trees and the root mantle of the two tree ferns were analysed for their thickness, water content, water retention capacity and pH. A total of 55 epiphyte species and 910 individuals were found on the 27 host species. On hosts with a dbh range of 5–10 cm, epiphytes were significantly more diverse (4.3±0.9 species per host) and more abundant (12.5±2.2 individuals per host) on tree ferns than on angiosperm trees (1.9±0.2 species per host and 3.9±0.6 individuals per host). However, these differences were not significant for the dbh class of 10–20 cm, because epiphyte numbers increased on angiosperm trees with larger host size, but not in tree ferns. Most epiphyte species had no preference for any host group, but four species were significantly more frequent on tree ferns and two species on angiosperm trees. The higher epiphyte diversity and abundance on tree fern trunks of the smallest dbh class is attributed to their presumably greater age and to two stem characteristics, which differed significantly between host groups, the thicker root mantle and higher water retention capacity of tree ferns. These bark characteristics may favour germination and establishment of epiphytes.

Palynology of Oxygen Isotope Stage 6 and Substage 5e from the Cover Beds of a Marine Terrace, Taranaki, New Zealand

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Royd Bussell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Glacial Stage ◽  
Marine Platform ◽  
Organic Deposits

AbstractCover beds on uplifted Quaternary marine terraces in the Taranaki-Wanganui area of New Zealand include organic deposits which yield abundant pollen. In the west at Ohawe, marine shore platform deposits are overlain by laterally extensive lignites and laharic breccia, interbedded with alluvium and capped by tephra-rich loess. Following a time of presumably interglacial marine deposition on the platform, a long period of glacial climate is suggested by pollen floras dominated by grass and shrubland taxa. Trees were sparse, but the abundance of podocarps, Nothofagus, and tree ferns increased during at least one interval, suggesting minor climatic amelioration. Near the top of the section, a major change in regional vegetation is recorded by a dominance of pollen derived from podocarp-hardwood forest taxa, including Ascarina, interpreted as indicating a fully interglacial climate. The marine platform, previously assigned to oxygen isotope substage 5e, is now placed in stage 7. The overlying deposits were deposited during glacial stage 6, while interglacial substage 5e is recorded by sediment and pollen assemblages near the top of the section.

scholarly journals Community Ecology of Epiphytes and other Arboreal Plants in the New Zealand Eco-region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Dawes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
Sooty Mould ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Epiphytic Fern ◽  
Epiphyte Community

<p><b>Epiphytes and other structurally-dependent plants have a spatial ecology and community structure intrinsically linked to that of the host trees in the forest, unlike fully terrestrial plants. Understanding of the ecological implications of this from a theoretical perspective is in its infancy. New Zealand’s south temperate rainforest, whilst not as species rich as tropical forests, hosts one of the richest temperate epiphyte floras. Our understanding of the ecological processes structuring the epiphyte communities of New Zealand forests is however lacking. Here, I present four key studies seeking to add to our knowledge of epiphyte community structure, host specificity and spatial ecology in the New Zealand eco-region.</b></p> <p>First, I tested if seed size determined the likelihood of woody plant species occurring epiphytically on tree ferns (their arboreality) – Chapter 2. Arboreality was negatively related to seed size, with only smaller-seeded species commonly occurring on tree ferns. However, the effect of seed size reduced in later life history stages, as expected. These small-seeded species, most notably Weinmannia racemosa, appear to be utilising an alternative recruitment strategy by establishing epiphytically on the tree fern trunks.</p> <p>Second, on Cyathea dealbata host tree ferns, I tested patterns of species accumulation, metacommunity network structure, and differences in vertical stratification (Chapter 3). Epiphytes and climbers followed a species accumulation model of succession between tree ferns of different sizes and between older and younger portions of the tree fern. The metacommunity network showed patterns of species co-occurrence and nestedness consistent with null expectations. Epiphytes of different habits and different dispersal syndromes show different vertical profiles of occurrence, with bird-dispersed species occurring more often near the top of the tree fern than other taxa.</p> <p>To understand an unusual pattern in epiphyte between-host structuring, I quantified the relationship between epiphytic plant and sooty mould assemblages in New Zealand montane beech forest (Chapter 4). Due to the presence of host specific scale insects, the sooty mould was limited to two of three co-dominant canopy tree species. On these two host species, epiphyte richness was significantly reduced. The host size-richness relationship in these two species was also removed, with species composition significantly altered compared to the mould free host species. My results are consistent with the sooty mould amensally excluding the epiphytes and it can be considered as a part of a keystone species complex (with the host beeches and scale insects). This produces a strong pattern of parallel host specificity otherwise not seen in epiphyte assemblages.</p> <p>Lastly, I compared the differences in spatial niche and host species diversity between three arboreal plants, with divergent ecophysiology, on Lord Howe Island (Chapter 5). These focal species were a dwarf mistletoe, an epiphytic orchid and an epiphytic fern. The mistletoe was restricted to thinner branches, and had a significantly different niche to both epiphyte taxa. The host diversity of the mistletoe and orchid both differed significantly from null model expectations. However, the epiphytic fern (Platycerium bifurcatum) had a host diversity consistent with null expectations.</p> <p>Taken together, these studies increase our understanding of epiphyte community assembly in New Zealand and provide a platform to encourage further work in this field. They also provide results that expand understanding of spatial patterns between host and up vertical clines.</p>

scholarly journals Análisis florístico de la vegetación secundaria derivada de la selva húmeda de montaña de Santa Cruz Tepetotutla (Oaxaca) México

2017 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Romero-Romero ◽  
Silvia Castillo ◽  
Jorge Meave ◽  
Hans Van der Wal
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Montane Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Vegetation ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Productive Systems

A floristic analysis war conducted of the secondary vegetation derived from slash and burn agriculture in a montane rain forest region at Santa Cruz Tepetotutla, located in the Northern Oaxaca Range, Mexico. The analysis of the studied chronosequence is based on a collection of 2 668 specimens encountered in 60 parallel 0.01 ha belt transects (25 X 4 m), distributed in 18 second-growth stands with ages ranging between 5 and ca. 100 years. A total of 499 species were distinguished, which are distributed in 223 genera and 104 families (including 38 secondary vegetation species collected outside of the transects), among which the following growth forms are represented: trees, shrubs, herbs, herbaceous and woody climbers, palms, ferns, and epiphytes. Only 28 morphospecies were not determined to any taxonomic level. Floristic richness did not decrease nor increased significantly with stand age. In contrast, changing trends, albeit non significant, were observed for different life forms, as arboreal species gradually replaced herbaceous ones, whereas palms and tree ferns only appeared in stands of intermediate age and their abundances increased thereof. The results of this study suggest that a considerable proportion of the regional floristic diversity occurs in the secondary vegetation. The abandonment of traditional agricultural methods for modern but usually inadequate, productive systems threatens this floristic potential, because it affects characteristics of the system fundamental for the maintenance of species, such as stand age and the area of the primary vegetation matrix in which these stands are embedded.

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