False Head Wing Pattern of the Burmese Junglequeen Butterfly and the Deception of Avian Predators

Biotropica ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Tonner ◽  
Vojtech Novotny ◽  
Jan Leps ◽  
Stanislav Komarek
Keyword(s):  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Avian Predators

Notes on the molecular taxonomy of the Proclossiana eunomia complex (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae: Argynnini): analysis of DNA barcodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Yakovlev ◽  
N. A. Shapoval ◽  
G. N. Kuftina ◽  
A. V. Kulak ◽  
S. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Proclossiana Eunomia

The Proclossiana eunomia (Esper, 1799) complex is currently composed of the several subspecies distributed throughout Palaearсtic region and North America. Despite the fact that some of the taxa have differences in wing pattern and body size, previous assumptions on taxonomy not supported by molecular data. Therefore, the identity of certain populations of this complex has remained unclear and the taxonomic status of several recently described taxa is debated. Here, we provide insights into systematics of some Palaearctic members of this group using molecular approach, based on the analysis of the barcoding fragment of the COI gene taking into account known morphological differences.

Revision of Hista Oiticica (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) and discussion on the validity of its subspecies

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2421 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMEÃO S. MORAES ◽  
MARCELO DUARTE ◽  
JORGE M. GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
The Stability

Diurnal Lepidoptera tend to have colorful and conspicuous wing patterns, which is the reason the first classifications of day-flying moths and butterflies were based mainly on wing color and pattern characters. This is the case with the Neotropical Castniidae, which are usually large and colorful day-flying moths. One classification listed 134 species in 32 genera while an alternate classification recognized 81 species. In this paper we examine the taxonomic structure of the genus Hista Oiticica. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate taxonomically useful characters besides wing pattern with the goal of classifying the taxa of Hista rather than classifying the variation of its wing pattern. In so doing, the results resolve the differences between the two proposed classifications of Hista. In addition, a lectotype is designated for Castnia boisduvalii Walker, 1854 (new synonym of Castnia fabricii Swainson, 1823) to ensure the stability of the name. Other new synonyms are proposed for C. fabricii (C. papagaya Westwood, 1877) and Castnia hegemon Kollar, 1839 (C. menetriesi Boisduval, [1875] and C. hegemon variegata Rothschild, 1919).

Descriptions of two new genera and species of Phycitinae associated with Hypsipyla robusta (Moore) on Meliaceae in Nigeria (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Hypsipyla Robusta ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Two new genera and species of Phycitinae found with Hypsipyla robusta (Moore) attacking Meliaceae in Nigeria are described. The three genera and species are differentiated, and the genus Hypsipyla is briefly reviewed. Illustrations of the wing venation and wing pattern of the adult male and of the genitalia of both sexes are given for the two species described as new, Catopyla dysorphnaea and Gyroptera robertsi, and also for H. robusta.

scholarly journals Unraveling the fine-tuned lemon coloration of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona

Microscopy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Monalisa Mishra ◽  
Ashutosh Choudhury ◽  
P Sagar Achary ◽  
Harekrushna Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Pierid Butterfly ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Butterflies wings possess different types of scales to perform diverse functions. Each scale has many nano and microstructures, which interferes with light, resulting in unique coloration for each butterfly. Besides coloration, the arrangement of scales further helps in giving better survivability. Thus, analysis of wing pattern provides an overall idea about adaptation and activity of the animal. The current study deciphers the structure and composition of a wing of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona, which remains active at 42°C at which temperature all other butterflies face a tougher task for existence. In order to know the relation between survivability and adaptation in the wing, we have investigated the structural and physical composition of the wing of C. pomona under optical spectroscopy (absorption, reflectance and transmittance) along with microscopy techniques (optical and scanning electron microscopy), which are not described in earlier studies. The current findings reveal unique structural arrangement within scales to provide the best fit to the animal in variable temperature.

A new species of the genus Teratozephyrus Sibatani, 1946 from China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4963 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
SI-YAO HUANG ◽  
FAN JIANG ◽  
HAI-TIAN SONG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
A New Species

A new species, T. yaolihuoi Huang, Jiang & Song sp. nov. of the genus Teratozephyrus Sibatani, 1946 is described from southeastern China. Among the other representatives of the genus, the new species resembles only T. hinomaru Fujioka, 1994 from southwestern China, from which the new species can be separated easily by examining details in both wing pattern and the male genitalia. Wing patterns and genitalia of the new species and T. hinomaru are illustrated and compared.

scholarly journals Interference competition pressure predicts the number of avian predators that shifted their timing of activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1880) ◽  
pp. 20180744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Pei ◽  
Mihai Valcu ◽  
Bart Kempenaers
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Exploitation Competition ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Avian Predator ◽  
Avian Predators ◽  
Time Partitioning ◽  
Competition Pressure

Being active at different times facilitates the coexistence of functionally similar species. Hence, time partitioning might be induced by competition. However, the relative importance of direct interference and indirect exploitation competition on time partitioning remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative importance of these two forms of competition on the occurrence of time-shifting among avian predator species. As a measure of interference competition pressure, we used the species richness of day-active avian predator species or of night-active avian predator species (i.e. species of Accipitriformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in a particular geographical area (assemblage). As an estimate of exploitation competition pressure, we used the total species richness of avian predators in each assemblage. Estimates of the intensity of interference competition robustly predicted the number of Accipitriformes species that became crepuscular and the number of Strigiformes species that became day-active or strictly crepuscular. Interference competition pressure may depend on body size and on the total duration of the typical active period (day or night length). Our results support—to some extent—that smaller species are more likely to become time-shifters. Day length did not have an effect on the number of time-shifter species in the Accipitriformes. Among the large Strigiformes, more time-shifter species occur in areas where nights are shorter (i.e. where less of the typical time resource is available). However, in the small Strigiformes, we found the opposite, counterintuitive effect: more time-shifters where nights are longer. Exploitation competition may have had an additional positive effect on the number of time-shifters, but only in Accipitriformes, and the effect was not as robust. Our results thus support the interference competition hypothesis, suggesting that animals may have shifted their time of activity, despite phylogenetic constraints on the ability to do so, to reduce the costs of direct interactions. Our findings also highlight the influence of body size as a surrogate of competitive ability during encounters on time partitioning, at least among avian predators.

THE PHYLOGENETIC PATTERN OF SPECIATION AND WING PATTERN CHANGE IN NEOTROPICAL ITHOMIA BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE)

Evolution ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Chris D. Jiggins ◽  
Ricardo Mallarino ◽  
Keith R. Willmott ◽  
Eldredge Bermingham
Keyword(s):  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Phylogenetic Pattern ◽  
Pattern Change

optix Drives the Repeated Convergent Evolution of Butterfly Wing Pattern Mimicry

Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 333 (6046) ◽  
pp. 1137-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Reed ◽  
R. Papa ◽  
A. Martin ◽  
H. M. Hines ◽  
B. A. Counterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Butterfly Wing Pattern
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