The Relationship of Size of Feeding Aggregate to Size of Food Patch: Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata) Feeding in Trichilia cipo Fruit Trees on Barro Colorado Island

Biotropica ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Leighton ◽  
Donna R. Leighton
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Alouatta Palliata ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Food Patch ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The demography of Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata) on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Froehlich ◽  
R. W. Thorington ◽  
J. S. Otis
Keyword(s):  
Alouatta Palliata ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Howler Monkeys

Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera)

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (S10) ◽  
pp. 5-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Rae MacKay
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe late-instar larvae of about 185 species of the North American Olethreutidae are described and most of them illustrated. Included in these are many pests, such as Grapholitha molesta, Carpocapsa pomonella, and Spilonota ocellana on fruit trees, Paralobesia viteana on grapes, Ancylis comptana fragariae on strawberries, Laspeyresia nigricana in pea pods, Laspeyresia caryana in hickory and pecan nuts, Taniva albolineana in spruce needles, and species of Rhyacionia and Petrova on pines. Keys to species groups and to individual species are provided. Of the diagnostic and specialized characters listed, the most useful include the setae, the spinneret, and the shape of the larva, especially of its head and anal shield. The main characters are given for the postulated ancestral larva and for the highly developed larva. Most of the species groups are arranged according to the suggested phylogenetic relationship of their larvae, emphasizing the necessity of a revision of the family. Larvae of some genera previously difficult to classify, such as Pseudogalleria and Hystricophora, indicate the relationship of those genera to other groups; conversely, lack of relationship is clearly shown in other instances, e.g., between Carpocapsa pomonella and Carpocapsa saltitans, and between the two species Epiblema culminana and E. suffusana and other members of the genus Epiblema.

scholarly journals On flora semantics in house names found in Vidzeme: materials contained in the 1826 counting of souls in Vidzeme province

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Ilga Jansone
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Birch Tree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

On flora semantics in house names found in Vidzeme: materials contained in the 1826 counting of souls in Vidzeme provinceThe information of the counting of souls containing both house names and names of individuals is an essential aspect of historical onomastics.The first counting of souls in Vidzeme took place in 1782 and coincided with the 4th analogous census of the provinces of Russia. Subsequently these took place at irregular intervals, the 5th in 1795, the 6th in 1811, the 7th in 1816, the 8th in 1834, the 9th in 1850, and the final, 10th in 1858.The number of house names entered in the 1826 counting of souls in Vidzeme province (guberna) is 14,500, including those of peasant homes that had been separated from another property whilst retaining the same name. House names based on flora (incl. names of mushrooms) semantics are listed for 574 dwellings, which represent just about 4% of all house names listed for Vidzeme, providing that repeated house names are counted separately. In case of several manors data is missing (lost) for the 1826 census, information for these manors is taken from previous and subsequent censuses.In many instances (279 cases registered) house names were based on the names of deciduous trees found in their immediate vicinity: such names comprise 48.6% of all house names of flora semantic origin, i. e., ozols ‘oak-tree’, bērzs ‘birch-tree’, kārkls ‘osier’, liepa ‘linden tree’, kļava ‘maple tree’, apses ‘aspen’, osis ‘ash tree’, alksnis ‘alder’, lazda ‘hazel-tree’, vītols ‘willow’, ieva ‘bird cherry’.Names based on names of conifers are found (35 instances were recorded, or 6.1% of all house names based on flora semantics), i. e., egle ‘spruce tree’, paeglis, kadiķis ‘juniper’, priede ‘pine-tree’.House names based on names of fruit trees and bushes are only occasionally found in Vidzeme, with 8 recorded instances, or 1.4% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., ābele ‘apple tree’, and upene ‘black-currant’.The next sub-group of house names based on flora semantics comprises those based on names of cereals. This is one of the most widely occurring flora semantics sub-groups and contains 58 entries, or 10,1% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., auzas ‘oats’, rudzi ‘rye’, mieži ‘barley’, kvieši ‘wheat’, griķi ‘buckwheat’.House names have been found based on terms of 6 legumes, which represents 1% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., zirnis ‘pea’, pupa, ‘bean’.Names of common vegetables are the basis for a considerable number of house names. i. e. 53 instances are recorded, representing 9.2% of all house names derived from flora semantics, i. e., rutks, ruduks ‘radish’, kāposts ‘cabbage’, rācenis ‘turnip’, sīpols ‘onion’, ķiploks ‘garlic’, kālis ‘swede’, gurķis ‘cucumber’.House names also derive from terms of widely-cultivated plants such as kaņepes ‘hemp’, apiņi ‘hops’ and lini ‘flax’. These have been the basis for 40 house names, which represent 7% of all hose names based on flora semantics.House names are also based on the names of cultivated and wild herbal plants, and of garden weeds. 47 such cases have been recorded, corresponding to 8.2% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., dadzis ‘thistle’, āboliņš ‘clover’, and amoliņš ‘sweet clover’, dille ‘dill’, grīslis ‘sedge’, smilga ‘bent grass’, usne ‘creeping thistle’, pienene ‘dandelion’, pērkones ‘charlocks’, niedre ‘reed’, skosta ‘horse-tail’, vībotne ‘mugwart’.A total of 32 house names based on three flower terms, roze ‘rose’, magone ‘poppy’ and astere ‘aster’ have been recorded; this represents 5.6% of all house names based on flora semantics. The majority (26) of these house names are based on terms of roses.A number of house names in Vidzeme appear to be based on names of mushrooms. 6 such names have been recorded, which represent 1% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., bekas ‘boletus’, krimilde, and rudmiese ‘Loctarius’.House names listed in the 1826 counting of souls are based on a wide range of flora semantics, with a clear preference for lexemes associated with names of trees. It is possible that this reflects landscape elements close to these homes, as well as the place that these features have in the relationship of home owners with nature, and their work. In order to draw any deeper conclusions about the presence of flora semantics in house names it would be necessary to examine all relevant historical records up to the present time. O semantyce roślinnej nazw domostw w Widzeme: materiały zawarte w spisie dusz z roku 1826 w krainie WidzemeInformacje o liczeniu dusz, obejmujące zarówno nazwy domostw, jak i nazwiska osób stanowią istotny aspekt onomastyki historycznej.Pierwsze liczenie dusz w krainie historycznej Widzeme odbyło się w 1782 r. i zbiegło się w czasie z podobnym, czwartym spisem, przeprowadzonym w guberniach rosyjskich. Kolejne spisy odbywały się nieregularnie: piąty w 1795 r., szósty w 1811, siódmy w 1816, ósmy w 1834, dziewiąty w 1850, i ostatni, dziesiąty, w roku 1858.Liczba nazw domostw uwzględnionych w spisie dusz z 1826 r. w Widzeme wynosi 14 500, łącznie z domami chłopskimi, będącymi odrębnymi częściami innych posiadłości, choć noszącymi tę samą co one nazwę. Nazwy domów pochodzące od nazw roślin (łącznie z nazwami grzybów) podano w przypadku 574 miejsc zamieszkania, co stanowi tylko ok. 4% ogółu nazw, zakładając, że powtarzające się nazwy liczono osobno. Ponieważ w przypadku niektórych siedzib brak danych (zaginęły) w spisie z roku 1826, informacje o nich zaczerpnięto ze spisów poprzednich i następnych.Nazwy siedzib zamieszczone w spisie dusz z 1826 r. opierają się w szerokim zakresie na semantyce roślinnej, przy czym wyraźnie uprzywilejowane są jednostki leksykalne kojarzone z nazwami drzew. Najprawdopodobniej jest to związane z elementami krajobrazu, znajdującymi się w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie poszczególnych domostw, ale może też być świadectwem stosunku ich mieszkańców do otaczającej przyrody oraz do swojej pracy. Aby móc wyciągnąć dalsze wnioski na temat obecności semantyki roślinnej w nazewnictwie domostw, konieczne jest przebadanie wszystkich zapisów historycznych aż po czasy nam współczesne.

Genetic, spatial, and social relationships among adults in a group of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) from Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Primates ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Katharine Milton ◽  
David A. Nolin ◽  
Kelsey Ellis ◽  
Jeffrey Lozier ◽  
Brody Sandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Alouatta Palliata ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Howler Monkeys

An Observation of Agonistic Behavior in Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal ◽  
Mario Santamaría ◽  
Ricardo A. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Alouatta Palliata ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Howler Monkeys

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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