General Demographic Characteristics of the Negro Population in the United States

This article explores the persistent racialization of professional journalism, describing the implicit processes that define “mainstream” news as white media. We emphasize the whiteness of U.S. news as emanating from cultural practices of professional journalism and institutional forces shaping the journalistic field rather than simply the demographic characteristics of the newsroom workforce. In theorizing how news has been constructed as white, we describe the historical foundations of the cultural authority of news and point to how such racialized authority has always been subject to enduring challenge. We analyze the complex cultural and political challenges that the Black press in the United States has long represented to the power of white media and racism; the Black press represents an alternative practice of journalism, one that critiques traditional notions of objectivity and situates news as a voice for equality and social justice. We close by discussing the newly resurgent white nationalist media and recent controversies surrounding prominent black female journalists as examples highlighting the structural limitations of white professional news media. Ultimately, we seek to understand the emergent racial dynamics of the journalistic field and how objectivity and white racial power are challenged and reaffirmed in our contemporary mediascape.

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Behavioural acculturation and demographic characteristics of Asian‐Indian immigrants in the United States of America

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy ◽

10.1108/01443339910788668 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (1/2) ◽

pp. 57-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Durriya Z. Khairullah ◽

Zahid Y. Khairullah

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Asian Indian ◽

United States Of America ◽

The United States ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Indian Immigrants

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A New Estimate of the Negro Population and Negro Vital Rates in the United States, 1930-60

Demography ◽

10.2307/2060057 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 339

Author(s):

Donald J. Bogue ◽

Bhaskar D. Misra ◽

D. P. Dandekar

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Vital Rates ◽

Negro Population

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How faculty define quality, prestige, and impact of academic journals

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0257340

Author(s):

Esteban Morales ◽

Erin C. McKiernan ◽

Meredith T. Niles ◽

Lesley Schimanski ◽

Juan Pablo Alperin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Faculty Members ◽

Academic Journals ◽

High Quality ◽

Promotion And Tenure ◽

Context Specific ◽

The U.S

Despite the calls for change, there is significant consensus that when it comes to evaluating publications, review, promotion, and tenure processes should aim to reward research that is of high "quality," is published in "prestigious" journals, and has an "impact." Nevertheless, such terms are highly subjective and present challenges to ascertain precisely what such research looks like. Accordingly, this article responds to the question: how do faculty from universities in the United States and Canada define the terms quality, prestige, and impact of academic journals? We address this question by surveying 338 faculty members from 55 different institutions in the U.S. and Canada. While relying on self-reported definitions that are not linked to their behavior, this study’s findings highlight that faculty often describe these distinct terms in overlapping ways. Additionally, results show that marked variance in definitions across faculty does not correspond to demographic characteristics. This study’s results highlight the subjectivity of common research terms and the importance of implementing evaluation regimes that do not rely on ill-defined concepts and may be context specific.

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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Inequity in the United States: Results from a nationally representative survey

10.1101/2021.01.29.21250784 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dustin Gibson ◽

Smisha Agarwal ◽

Ankita Meghani ◽

Rupali J. Limaye ◽

Alain Labrique

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Online Survey ◽

The United States ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Third Party ◽

Sample Population ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

To Receive ◽

Racial Ethnic

AbstractBackgroundAt the time of this survey, September 1st, there were roughly 6 million COVID-19 cases and 176,771 deaths in the United States and no federally approved vaccine. The objective of this study was to explore the willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine in the United States and describe variability in this acceptability by key racial, ethnic and socio-demographic characteristics.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional digital survey that sampled participants from a nationally-representative panel maintained by a third party, Dynata. Dynata randomly sampled their database and emailed web-based surveys to United States residents ensuring the sample was matched to US Census estimates for age, race, gender, income, and Census region. Participants were asked how willing or unwilling they would be to: 1) receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it was made publicly available, and 2) receive the influenza vaccine for the upcoming influenza season. Participants could respond with extremely willing, willing, unwilling, or extremely unwilling. For those who reported being unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, reasons for this hesitancy were captured. All participants were asked about where they obtain vaccine-related information, and which sources they trust most. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to examine the association of all demographic characteristics with willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine.FindingsFrom September 1st to September 7, 2020, 1592 respondents completed the online survey. Overall, weighted analyses found that only 58.9% of the sample population were either willing or extremely willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it was made publicly available. In comparison, 67.7% of the respondents were willing or extremely willing to take the influenza vaccine. By gender, 66.1% of males and 51.5% of females were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Males were significantly more willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.98, 95% CI: 1.56, 2.53; p<0.001) than females. Blacks were the least willing racial/ethnic group (48.8%) Blacks, (aOR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.80; p<0.001) were significantly less willing, than whites, to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. There were numerous reasons provided for being unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. The most common reason was concern about the vaccine’s safety (36.9%), followed by concerns over its efficacy (19.1%).InterpretationIn conclusion, we found that a substantial proportion (41%) of United States residents are unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as one is made publicly available. We found that vaccine acceptance differs by sub-populations. In addition to sub-group differences in willingness to receive the vaccine, respondents provided a variety of reasons for being unwilling to receive the vaccine, driven by various sources of vaccine information (and misinformation). This compounds the challenge of delivering a safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccine at a population level to achieve herd immunity. A multi-pronged and targeted communications and outreach effort is likely needed to achieve a high level of immunization coverage.

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Internet Use, Risk Awareness, and Demographic Characteristics Associated With Engagement in Preventive Behaviors and Testing: Cross-Sectional Survey on COVID-19 in the United States (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19782 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Siyue Li ◽

Bo Feng ◽

Wang Liao ◽

Wenjing Pan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Marital Status ◽

Employment Status ◽

Internet Use ◽

The United States ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Risk Awareness ◽

Preventive Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, engagement in preventive behaviors and getting tested for the virus play a crucial role in protecting people from contracting the new coronavirus. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine how internet use, risk awareness, and demographic characteristics are associated with engagement in preventative behaviors and testing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk from April 10, 2020, to April 14, 2020. Participants’ internet use (in terms of the extent of receiving information pertaining to COVID-19), risk awareness (whether any immediate family members, close friends or relatives, or people in local communities tested positive for COVID-19), demographics (sex, age, ethnicity, income, education level, marital status, and employment status), as well as their engagement in preventative behaviors and testing were assessed. RESULTS Our data included 979 valid responses from the United States. Participants who received more COVID-19–related health information online reported more frequent effort to engage in all types of preventive behaviors: wearing a facemask in public (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.79, P<.001), washing hands (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.35-1.85, P<.001), covering nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.52-2.10, P<.001), keeping social distance with others (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.21-1.65, P<.001), staying home (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.62, P<.001), avoiding using public transportation (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32-1.88, P<.001), and cleaning frequently used surfaces (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.79, P<.001). Compared with participants who did not have positive cases in their social circles, those who had immediate family members (OR 1.48, 95% CI 8.28-26.44, P<.001) or close friends and relatives (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.58-4.03, P<.001) who tested positive were more likely to get tested. Participants’ sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, and employment status were also associated with preventive behaviors and testing. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that the extent of receiving COVID-19–related information online, risk awareness, and demographic characteristics including sex, ethnicity, age, marital status, and employment status are key factors associated with US residents’ engagement in various preventive behaviors and testing for COVID-19.

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