p Value Adjustments for Multiple Tests in Multivariate Binomial Models

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (407) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Westfall ◽  
S. Stanley Young
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
Binomial Models

scholarly journals The nuts and bolts of hypothesis testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Pugh ◽  
Annette Molinaro
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
P Values ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Abstract When reading an article published in a medical journal, statistical tests are mentioned and the results are often supported by a P value. What are these tests? What is a P value and what is its meaning? P values are used to interpret the result of a statistical test. Both are intrinsic parts of hypothesis testing, which is a decision-making tool based on probability. Most medical and epidemiological studies are designed using a hypothesis test so understanding the key principles of a hypothesis test are crucial to interpreting results of a study. From null and alternative hypotheses to the issue of multiple tests, this paper introduces concepts related to hypothesis testing that are crucial to its implementation and interpretation.

scholarly journals A novel algorithm to flag columns associated in any way with others or a dependent variable is computationally tractable in large data matrices and has much higher power when columns are linked like mutations in chromosomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos A. Antezana
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I ◽  
P Values ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

ABSTRACTWhen a data matrix DM has many independent variables IVs, it is not computationally tractable to assess the association of every distinct IV subset with the dependent variable DV of the DM, because the number of subsets explodes combinatorially as IVs increase. But model selection and correcting for multiple tests is complex even with few IVs.DMs in genomics will soon summarize millions of markers (mutations) and genomes. Searching exhaustively in such DMs for mutations that alone or synergistically with others are associated with a trait is computationally tractable only for 1- and 2-mutation effects. This is also why population geneticists study mainly 2-marker combinations.I present a computationally tractable, fully parallelizable Participation in Association Score (PAS) that in a DM with markers detects one by one every column that is strongly associated in any way with others. PAS does not examine column subsets and its computational cost grows linearly with the number of columns, remaining reasonable even when DMs have millions of columns. PAS P values are readily obtained by permutation and accurately Sidak-corrected for multiple tests, bypassing model selection. The P values of a column’s PASs and dvPASs for different orders of association are i.i.d. and easily turned into a single P value.PAS exploits how associations of markers in the rows of a DM cause associations of matches in the pairwise comparisons of the rows. For every such comparison with a match at a tested column, PAS computes the matches at other columns by modifying the comparison’s total matches (scored once per DM), yielding a distribution of conditional matches that reacts diagnostically to the associations of the tested column. Equally computationally tractable is dvPAS that flags DV-associated IVs by also probing the matches at the DV.Simulations show that i) PAS and dvPAS generate uniform-(0,1)-distributed type I error in null DMs and ii) detect randomly encountered binary and trinary models of significant n-column association and n-IV association to a binary DV, respectively, with power in the order of magnitude of exhaustive evaluation’s and false positives that are uniform-(0,1)-distributed or straightforwardly tuned to be so. Power to detect 2-way associations that extend over 100+ columns is non-parametrically ultimate but that to detect pure n-column associations and pure n-IV DV associations sinks exponentially with increasing n.Important for geneticists, dvPAS power increases about twofold in trinary vs. binary DMs and by orders of magnitude with markers linked like mutations in chromosomes, specially in trinary DMs where furthermore dvPAS fine-maps with highest resolution.

Total Hospital Costs and Readmission Rate of Patient-Specific Instrument in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Thomas ◽  
Ankur Patel ◽  
Corey Patrick ◽  
Gary Delhougne
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Hospital Cost ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total Hospital Cost ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Total Knee

AbstractDespite advancements in surgical technique and component design, implant loosening, stiffness, and instability remain leading causes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) failure. Patient-specific instruments (PSI) aid in surgical precision and in implant positioning and ultimately reduce readmissions and revisions in TKA. The objective of the study was to evaluate total hospital cost and readmission rate at 30, 60, 90, and 365 days in PSI-guided TKA patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent a primary TKA for osteoarthritis from the Premier Perspective Database between 2014 and 2017 Q2. TKA with PSI patients were identified using appropriate keywords from billing records and compared against patients without PSI. Patients were excluded if they were < 21 years of age; outpatient hospital discharges; evidence of revision TKA; bilateral TKA in same discharge or different discharges. 1:1 propensity score matching was used to control patients, hospital, and clinical characteristics. Generalized Estimating Equation model with appropriate distribution and link function were used to estimate hospital related cost while logistic regression models were used to estimate 30, 60, and 90 days and 1-year readmission rate. The study matched 3,358 TKAs with PSI with TKA without PSI patients. Mean total hospital costs were statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) lower for TKA with PSI ($14,910; 95% confidence interval [CI]: $14,735–$15,087) than TKA without PSI patients ($16,018; 95% CI: $15,826–$16,212). TKA with PSI patients were 31% (odds ratio [OR]: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.51–0.95; p-value = 0.0218) less likely to be readmitted at 30 days; 35% (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.50–0.86; p-value = 0.0022) less likely to be readmitted at 60 days; 32% (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53–0.88; p-value = 0.0031) less likely to be readmitted at 90 days; 28% (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60–0.86; p-value = 0.0004) less likely to be readmitted at 365 days than TKA without PSI patients. Hospitals and health care professionals can use retrospective real-world data to make informed decisions on using PSI to reduce hospital cost and readmission rate, and improve outcomes in TKA patients.

Isolated Liner Revision for Total Knee Arthroplasty Instability: A Road That Should Remain Less Taken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Tegethoff ◽  
Rafael Walker-Santiago ◽  
William M. Ralston ◽  
James A. Keeney
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Femoral Component ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
P Value ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Component Revision

AbstractIsolated polyethylene liner exchange (IPLE) is infrequently selected as a treatment approach for patients with primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prosthetic joint instability. Potential advantages of less immediate surgical morbidity, faster recovery, and lower procedural cost need to be measured against reoperation and re-revision risk. Few published studies have directly compared IPLE with combined tibial and femoral component revision to treat patients with primary TKA instability. After obtaining institutional review board (IRB) approval, we performed a retrospective comparison of 20 patients treated with IPLE and 126 patients treated with tibial and femoral component revisions at a single institution between 2011 and 2018. Patient demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, time to initial revision TKA, and reoperation (90 days, <2 years, and >2 years) were assessed using paired Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test with a p-value <0.01 used to determine significance. Patients undergoing IPLE were more likely to undergo reoperation (60.0 vs. 17.5%, p = 0.001), component revision surgery (45.0 vs. 8.7%, p = 0.002), and component revision within 2 years (30.0 vs. 1.6%, p < 0.0001). Differences in 90-day reoperation (p = 0.14) and revision >2 years (p = 0.19) were not significant. Reoperation for instability (30.0 vs. 4.0%, p < 0.001) and infection (20.0 vs. 1.6%, p < 0.01) were both higher in the IPLE group. IPLE does not provide consistent benefits for patients undergoing TKA revision for instability. Considerations for lower immediate postoperative morbidity and cost need to be carefully measured against long-term consequences of reoperation, delayed component revision, and increased long-term costs of multiple surgical procedures. This is a level III, case–control study.

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

HUBUNGAN LAMA WAKTU MENDERITA STROKE DENGAN TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN KLIEN DALAM MELAKUKAN AKTIVITAS PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN SEHARI-HARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Setia Budi ◽  
Ria Dila Syahfitri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Bivariate Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
Need For Rehabilitation

The rate of stroke incidence is about 200 per 100,000 people throughout the world. This study aims to determine the Relation Suffer Stroke With Independence Level In Neurology Polyclinic TK II DR Ak Gani Palembang Year Hospital 2017. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with cross sectional design that is done by interviewing techniques with questionnaires on 42 respondents with Accidental sampling technique. This research was conducted in August 2017. Data analysis used is univariate data analysis and bivariate data analysis with one way anova test result. The results of univariate analysis showed that the duration of the respondents suffering from stroke was between 2.10 years to 3.38 years. Also found that most respondents were at the level of independence f; independent, except bathing, dressing, moving, and one other function with a total of 12 respondents. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the long suffering stroke with the level of independence with the value of p value 0.025. For that the need for rehabilitation to patients and families of patients in order to help improve the independence of stroke patients in doing their daily activities. Keywords : Long Suffer Stroke, Level of Independence

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