Biomedical Statistics With Computing.

Abstract Phenomenology of illness and abnormalityHabitually, illness or disease is considered as something abnormal. Therefore, the distinction between health/illness is often conflated with the distinction normal/abnormal. Inspired by Kurt Goldstein’s work, Merleau-Ponty makes clear, however, that abnormality does not automatically coincide with pathology. It is also interesting to note that Merleau-Ponty nowhere uses the term “abnormal” to indicate the opposite of the normal person. Similar to Georges Canguilhem he uses the pair “the normal (person)” (le normal) ‐ “the sick person”, “the pathological” (le malade, le pathologique). As Goldstein and Canguilhem make more explicit than Merleau-Ponty, the abnormal person or “deviant” is very often not sick. Instead of approaching physical symptoms from an external or statistical view (which might lead to the conclusion that something is abnormal), they claim that sickness should be defined by the patient’s own lived experience. Merleau-Ponty shares this view, but for different reasons. Goldstein and Canghuilhem, both trained clinicians, believe that patients’ own experiences should be central in clinical practice instead of objectifying measurements and tests. For Merleau-Ponty, the phenomenologist, objective physical features have no place within his phenomenology of lived bodily experience. Bracketing positivist scientific insights, phenomenology also excludes biomedical statistics from its analysis. If we assume that abnormality is a result from a comparison with what is statistically seen as normal, this means that a phenomenology of abnormal embodiment might seem a contradiction in terms. In this paper, however, I would like to show that abnormal embodiment can also be approached from a phenomenological perspective. While drawing on some ideas by Hacking on the history of statistical reasoning, I demonstrate how the statistics of abnormality directly interconnects with lived experience. Hacking explains how the descriptive “average” or “mean” has become the normative “normal”. Because our world is in many ways determined by averages, it is an illusion to think that phenomenology can just bracket statistics. The one who appears physically as abnormal can, comparable to the one who is ill, experience that his or her embodied possibilities to deal with the world dwindle. What I show in this article is that even though a clear distinction can be made between illness and abnormality, both can be accompanied by a reduction or disruption of the “I can”.

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IntroStat: a hypertext-based design for an electronic textbook to introduce biomedical statistics

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine ◽

10.1016/0169-2607(95)01623-2 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 265-276

Author(s):

Mihoko Okada ◽

Myles O'Brien

Keyword(s):

Electronic Textbook ◽

Biomedical Statistics

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ISSUES IN BIOMEDICAL STATISTICS: COMPARING MEANS BY COMPUTER-INTENSIVE TESTS

ANZ Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1111/j.1445-2197.1995.tb00567.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 812-819 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

John Ludbrook

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Statistics

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A Note on the Quality of Biomedical Statistics

Frontiers in Statistical Quality Control 12 ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-75295-2_20 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 355-366

Author(s):

Elart von Collani

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Statistics

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Regional features of the incidence of the lower extremities varicose in Kazakhstan

International Professional Journal Medicine ◽

10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-2-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7-8 (217-218) ◽

pp. 2-7

Author(s):

Nurbek Igissinov ◽

◽

Shyryn Kenzhebekova ◽

Saken Kozhakhmetov ◽

Mirsaid Izimbergenov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Varicose Veins ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Regional Features ◽

Icd 10 ◽

The Republic ◽

Biomedical Statistics ◽

First Time

Diseases of the cardiovascular system remain an important medical and social problem throughout the world, since the prevalence, features of the clinical course and outcomes lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life. The study of the geographic variability of varicose veins of the lower extremities (hereinafter – VLE) can expand the understanding of this problem. Objective. To assess the regional features of the incidence of VLE in Kazakhstan for 2009-2018. Material and methods. The material for the study was the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 12, concerning VLE (ICD 10 – I83) for 2009-2018. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018 in the republic 158 151 cases of VLE were registered for the first time, of which 37 670 (23.8%) in men and 120 481 (76.2%) in women. The average annual incidence rate of VLE (both sexes) in the republic was 91.6±9.6 per 100,000 of the total population (95% CI=72.8-110.30/0000). The lowest incidence rates of VLE in the entire population were established in Aktobe region – 28.1±1.40/0000 (95% CI=25.4-30.80/0000). Very high incidence rates (both sexes) were detected in North Kazakhstan region (130.5±7.60/0000, 95% CI=115.6-145.40/0000) and in Astana city (163.0±11.00/0000, 95% CI=130.6-195.40/0000). Conclusions. The study showed a preliminary assessment of VLE incidence in the republic, identifying regions of low and high frequency, trends of VLE morbidity. In dynamics, morbidity rates tended to grow. With the equalization of the incidence rates of VLE, the average annual growth rate was Т=+12.5%. Keywords: varicose veins of the lower extremities, incidence, Kazakhstan.

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