Sacks forcing sometimes needs help to produce a minimal upper bound

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-498
Author(s):  
Robert S. Lubarsky
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Admissible Set ◽  
Sacks Forcing ◽  
The Right

Does every countable set of hyperdegrees have a minimal upper bound?This question remains unanswered. In this paper, we extend the known results.The standard way to construct minimal upper bounds for degrees is to force with pointed perfect trees. This works for hyperdegrees, in the right context. Sacks [Sa] showed that if an admissible set A satisfies Σ1 DC, then forcing with its uniformly hyperarithmetically pointed perfect trees yields a minimal upper bound for the degrees in A.A next question is whether Σ1DC is necessary. Abramson [A] built an admissible set such that Sacks forcing, or anything like it, would not produce a minimal upper bound. He left open the question, though, whether there is such a bound for his set.We answer this question affirmatively.In §II we summarize the previous relevant results, including Steel forcing. In §III we give a construction different from Abramson's of an admissible set for which Sacks forcing does not produce the desired bound. We present this alternative because it is different (although still based on Steel forcing), simpler than the original, and fully illustrates the technique of finding the bound, which applies equally well to the earlier example. §IV describes the construction of the bound. §V closes with questions.I thank Professor Sy Friedman for bringing this problem to my attention. This paper is dedicated to Professor Alexander Kechris on the occasion of his fortieth birthday, and to the Los Angeles VIGOL on its tenth anniversary.

scholarly journals Coefficient inequalities for a class of analytic functions associated with the lemniscate of Bernoulli

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Trailokya Panigrahi ◽  
Janusz Sokól
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Analytic Functions ◽  
Hankel Determinant ◽  
Lemniscate Of Bernoulli ◽  
Toeplitz Determinant ◽  
Second Hankel Determinant ◽  
Coefficient Inequalities ◽  
The Right

In this paper, a new subclass of analytic functions ML_{\lambda}^{*}  associated with the right half of the lemniscate of Bernoulli is introduced. The sharp upper bound for the Fekete-Szego functional |a_{3}-\mu a_{2}^{2}|  for both real and complex \mu are considered. Further, the sharp upper bound to the second Hankel determinant |H_{2}(1)| for the function f in the class ML_{\lambda}^{*} using Toeplitz determinant is studied. Relevances of the main results are also briefly indicated.

Upper bounds on the energy dissipation in turbulent precession

1996 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 335-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Kerswell
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Viscous Dissipation ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
Oblate Spheroid ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Precession Rate ◽  
Long Cylinder

Rigorous upper bounds on the viscous dissipation rate are identified for two commonly studied precessing fluid-filled configurations: an oblate spheroid and a long cylinder. The latter represents an interesting new application of the upper-bounding techniques developed by Howard and Busse. A novel ‘background’ method recently introduced by Doering & Constantin is also used to deduce in both instances an upper bound which is independent of the fluid's viscosity and the forcing precession rate. Experimental data provide some evidence that the observed viscous dissipation rate mirrors this behaviour at sufficiently high precessional forcing. Implications are then discussed for the Earth's precessional response.

scholarly journals The Essential Dimension of Stacks of Parabolic Vector Bundles over Curves

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Biswas ◽  
Ajneet Dhillon ◽  
Nicole Lemire
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Vector Bundles ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Essential Dimension ◽  
Parabolic Structure ◽  
Moduli Stack

AbstractWe find upper bounds on the essential dimension of the moduli stack of parabolic vector bundles over a curve. When there is no parabolic structure, we improve the known upper bound on the essential dimension of the usual moduli stack. Our calculations also give lower bounds on the essential dimension of the semistable locus inside the moduli stack of vector bundles of rank r and degree d without parabolic structure.

ances and covariances obtained from REML are normally distributed with expectation vector and variance-covariance matrix equal to the fol-low  ing, r  espectiv    ely,   When σˆ > 0.04, let νˆ = δˆ + σˆ + σˆ − 2ωˆ + σˆ − (1 + c (7.6) be an estimate for the (7.3) reference-scaled metric in accordance with FDA Guidance (2001) and using a REML UN model. Then (Patter-son, 2003; Patterson and Jones, 2002b), this estimate is asymptotically normally distributed and unbiased with E[νˆ ] = δ +σ − (1 + c and Var[νˆ ] = 4σ + l + 4l + (1 + c ) (l )+ 2l −2(1+c − 2(1+c +4(1+c −2(1+c . Similarly, for the constant-scaled metric, when σˆ ≤ 0.04, νˆ = δˆ + σˆ + σˆ − 2ωˆ + σˆ − σˆ − 0.04(c ) (7.7) E[νˆ ] = δ +σ − 0.04(c ) Var[νˆ ] = 4σ + l + 4l + 2l − 2l − 4l + 4l − 2l . The required asymptotic upper bound √ of the 90% confidence interval can √ then be calculated as νˆ + 1.645× V̂ ar[νˆ ] or νˆ + 1.645× V̂ ar[νˆ ], where the variances are obtained by ‘plugging in’ the estimated values of the variances and covariances obtained from SAS proc mixed into the formulae for Var[νˆ ] or Var[νˆ ]. The necessary SAS code to do this is given in Appendix B. The output reveals that σˆ = 0.0714 and the upper bound is−0.060 for log(AUC). For log(Cmax), σˆ = 0.1060 and the upper bound is −0.055. As both of these upper bounds are below zero, IBE can be claimed.

2003 ◽  
pp. 367-367
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Covariance Matrix ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Fda Guidance ◽  
Asymptotic Upper Bound ◽  
Variance Covariance Matrix ◽  
Normally Distributed

Models of arithmetic and upper bounds for arithmetic sets

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair H. Lachlan ◽  
Robert I. Soare
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Models Of Arithmetic

AbstractWe settle a question in the literature about degrees of models of true arithmetic and upper bounds for the arithmetic sets. We prove that there is a model of true arithmetic whose degree is not a uniform upper bound for the arithmetic sets. The proof involves two forcing constructions.

Gentrification, Displacement, and the Right to the City

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-194
Author(s):  
Jan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Social Violence ◽  
Accumulation By Dispossession ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Examines the impacts of the sharpening gentrification process in Northeast Los Angeles and its socioeconomic and racial overtones as immigrant working class Latino/a families are increasingly threatened by displacement through rent increases, evictions, and socially traumatic uprooting of multi-family networks. Gentrification is tied to neoliberal local state efforts in Los Angeles to incentivize private investment through urban policy strategies like transit-oriented development, transit villages and small lot housing development. I argue the creative frontier of urban restructuring in Northeast LA also generates social violence expressing capitalism’s tendency to foster “accumulation by dispossession” that has been countered by neighborhood “right to the city” movements. I examine the rise of the urban social movements like Friends of Highland Park and Northeast LA Alliance that advocate for the rights of those threatened by housing displacement and eviction, address community and environmental impacts of new high-density housing projects, and campaign for more socially just housing and urban planning policies in Los Angeles. There is also examination of the plight of the homeless and rehabilitating gang members

Truck Drivers

2021 ◽  
pp. 311-445
Author(s):  
Scott L. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Independent Contractors ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Big Box ◽  
The Right ◽  
Trucking Companies

This chapter examines the monumental campaign to raise labor and environmental standards in the trucking industry at the Los Angeles and Long Beach ports. Building on the blue-green coalition launched in the CBA and big-box contexts—and incorporating central lessons from a decade of community–labor organizing in Los Angeles—the Campaign for Clean Trucks emerged as a fight over air quality but ultimately advanced as a local policy struggle over working conditions for roughly sixteen thousand short-haul port truck drivers. For these drivers, the central problem was their misclassification as independent contractors. Misclassification forced drivers to bear all the costs of operation—contributing to poorly maintained dirty diesel trucks causing air pollution—while depriving them of the right to organize unions to improve labor conditions. Restoring drivers to the status of employees was the mutual goal bringing together the labor and environmental movements in this campaign. It rested on a novel legal foundation: The ports, as publicly owned and operated entities, had the power to define the terms of entry for trucking companies through contracts called concession agreements. The campaign—led by LAANE, the Teamsters union, and NRDC—leveraged this contracting power to win passage of the landmark 2008 Clean Truck Program, which committed trucking companies seeking to enter the Los Angeles port to a double conversion: of dirty to clean fuel trucks (thus reducing pollution) and of independent contractor to employee drivers (thus enabling unionization). However, the program’s labor centerpiece—employee conversion—was invalidated by an industry preemption lawsuit that went all the way to the United States Supreme Court. As a result, the policy gains from a blue-green campaign built on mutual interest were split apart and reallocated, resulting in environmental victory but labor setback. Why the coalition won the local policy battle but lost in court—and how the labor movement responded to this legal setback through an innovative strategy to maneuver around preemption—are the central questions this chapter explores.

ON THE QUASI-STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION OF SIS MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaofeng Da ◽  
Maochao Xu ◽  
Shouhuai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Distribution ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Hazard Rate ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Hazard Rate Order ◽  
Reversed Hazard Rate ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Quasi Stationary Distribution

In this paper, we propose a novel method for constructing upper bounds of the quasi-stationary distribution of SIS processes. Using this method, we obtain an upper bound that is better than the state-of-the-art upper bound. Moreover, we prove that the fixed point map Φ [7] actually preserves the equilibrium reversed hazard rate order under a certain condition. This allows us to further improve the upper bound. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate the results.

scholarly journals Upper bounds for geodesic periods over hyperbolic manifolds

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850009
Author(s):  
Feng Su
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Hyperbolic Manifolds ◽  
Maass Forms ◽  
Maass Form ◽  
Ambient Manifold

We prove an upper bound for geodesic periods of Maass forms over hyperbolic manifolds. By definition, such periods are integrals of Maass forms restricted to a special geodesic cycle of the ambient manifold, against a Maass form on the cycle. Under certain restrictions, the bound will be uniform.

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