The center of an orthologic

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Jeffcott
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
Quantum Logic ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Orthomodular Poset ◽  
Fundamental Relation ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Modular Ortholattice ◽  
Probability And Statistics ◽  
Kolmogorov Theory

Since 1933, when Kolmogorov laid the foundations for probability and statistics as we know them today [1], it has been recognized that propositions asserting that such and such an event occurred as a consequence of the execution of a particular random experiment tend to band together and form a Boolean algebra. In 1936, Birkhoff and von Neumann [2] suggested that the so-called logic of quantum mechanics should not be a Boolean algebra, but rather should form what is now called a modular ortholattice [3]. Presumably, the departure from Boolean algebras encountered in quantum mechanics can be attributed to the fact that in quantum mechanics, one must consider more than one physical experiment, e.g., an experiment measuring position, an experiment measuring charge, an experiment measuring momentum, etc., and, because of the uncertainty principle, these experiments need not admit a common refinement in terms of which the Kolmogorov theory is directly applicable.Mackey's Axioms I–VI for quantum mechanics [4] imply that the logic of quantum mechanics should be a σ-orthocomplete orthomodular poset [5]. Most contemporary practitioners of quantum logic seem to agree that a quantum logic is (at least) an orthomodular poset [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] or some variation thereof [11]. P. D. Finch [12] has shown that every completely orthomodular poset is the logic arising from sets of Boolean logics, where these sets have a structure similar to the structures generally given to quantum logic. In all of these versions of quantum logic, a fundamental relation, the relation of compatibility or commutativity, plays a decisive role.

scholarly journals Transfer principle in quantum set theory

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanao Ozawa
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Logic ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Von Neumann Algebra ◽  
Transfer Principle ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Equality Relation ◽  
Adjoint Operators ◽  
Transfer Theorems

AbstractIn 1981, Takeuti introduced quantum set theory as the quantum counterpart of Boolean valued models of set theory by constructing a model of set theory based on quantum logic represented by the lattice of closed subspaces in a Hilbert space and showed that appropriate quantum counterparts of ZFC axioms hold in the model. Here, Takeuti's formulation is extended to construct a model of set theory based on the logic represented by the lattice of projections in an arbitrary von Neumann algebra. A transfer principle is established that enables us to transfer theorems of ZFC to their quantum counterparts holding in the model. The set of real numbers in the model is shown to be in one-to-one correspondence with the set of self-adjoint operators affiliated with the von Neumann algebra generated by the logic. Despite the difficulty pointed out by Takeuti that equality axioms do not generally hold in quantum set theory, it is shown that equality axioms hold for any real numbers in the model. It is also shown that any observational proposition in quantum mechanics can be represented by a corresponding statement for real numbers in the model with the truth value consistent with the standard formulation of quantum mechanics, and that the equality relation between two real numbers in the model is equivalent with the notion of perfect correlation between corresponding observables (self-adjoint operators) in quantum mechanics. The paper is concluded with some remarks on the relevance to quantum set theory of the choice of the implication connective in quantum logic.

Popper and the Quantum Theory

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Michael Redhead
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Logic ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Interpretation Of Probability ◽  
Propensity Interpretation

Popper wrote extensively on the quantum theory. In Logic der Forschung (LSD) he devoted a whole chapter to the topic, while the whole of Volume 3 of the Postscript to the Logic of Scientific Discovery is devoted to the quantum theory. This volume entitled Quantum Theory and the Schism in Physics (QTSP) incorporated a famous earlier essay, ‘Quantum Mechanics without “the Observer”’ (QM). In addition Popper's development of the propensity interpretation of probability was much influenced by his views on the role of probability in quantum theory, and he also wrote an insightful critique of the 1936 paper of Birkhoff and von Neumann on nondistributive quantum logic (BNIQM).

On the structure of quantum logic

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Logic ◽  
Orthomodular Poset ◽  
Nonrelativistic Quantum ◽  
Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics

In the axiomatic development of the logic of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics it is not difficult to set down certain plausible axioms which ensure that the quantum logic of propositions has the structure of an orthomodular poset. This can be done in a number of ways, for example, as in Gunson [2], Mackey [4], Piron [5], Varadarajan [7] and Zierler [8], and we summarise one of these ways in §2 below.

scholarly journals Quantum logic as motivated by quantum computing

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Dunn ◽  
Tobias J. Hagge ◽  
Lawrence S. Moss ◽  
Zhenghan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Quantum Logic ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Definition Of

§1. Introduction. Our understanding of Nature comes in layers, so should the development of logic. Classic logic is an indispensable part of our knowledge, and its interactions with computer science have recently dramatically changed our life. A new layer of logic has been developing ever since the discovery of quantum mechanics. G. D. Birkhoff and von Neumann introduced quantum logic in a seminal paper in 1936 [1]. But the definition of quantum logic varies among authors (see [2]). How to capture the logic structure inherent in quantum mechanics is very interesting and challenging. Given the close connection between classical logic and theoretical computer science as exemplified by the coincidence of computable functions through Turing machines, recursive function theory, and λ-calculus, we are interested in how to gain some insights about quantum logic from quantum computing. In this note we make some observations about quantum logic as motivated by quantum computing (see [5]) and hope more people will explore this connection.The quantum logic as envisioned by Birkhoff and von Neumann is based on the lattice of closed subspaces of a Hilbert space, usually an infinite dimensional one. The quantum logic of a fixed Hilbert space ℍ in this note is the variety of all the true equations with finitely many variables using the connectives meet, join and negation. Quantum computing is theoretically based on quantum systems with finite dimensional Hilbert spaces, especially the states space of a qubit ℂ2. (Actually the qubit is merely a convenience.

scholarly journals The logic of orthomodular posets of finite height

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Chajda ◽  
Helmut Länger
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Orthomodular Poset ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Implication Operator ◽  
Algebraizable Logic ◽  
Binary Operator ◽  
Orthomodular Posets ◽  
Finite Height

Abstract Orthomodular posets form an algebraic formalization of the logic of quantum mechanics. A central question is how to introduce implication in such a logic. We give a positive answer whenever the orthomodular poset in question is of finite height. The crucial advantage of our solution is that the corresponding algebra, called implication orthomodular poset, i.e. a poset equipped with a binary operator of implication, corresponds to the original orthomodular poset and that its implication operator is everywhere defined. We present here a complete list of axioms for implication orthomodular posets. This enables us to derive an axiomatization in Gentzen style for the algebraizable logic of orthomodular posets of finite height.

THE UNREASONABLE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXPONENTIALLY SUPPRESSED CORRECTIONS IN PRESERVING INFORMATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1342030 ◽  
Author(s):  
KYRIAKOS PAPADODIMAS ◽  
SUVRAT RAJU
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Nonperturbative Effects ◽  
Von Neumann Entropy ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Black Hole Evaporation ◽  
Strong Subadditivity ◽  
Unreasonable Effectiveness

We point out that nonperturbative effects in quantum gravity are sufficient to reconcile the process of black hole evaporation with quantum mechanics. In ordinary processes, these corrections are unimportant because they are suppressed by e-S. However, they gain relevance in information-theoretic considerations because their small size is offset by the corresponding largeness of the Hilbert space. In particular, we show how such corrections can cause the von Neumann entropy of the emitted Hawking quanta to decrease after the Page time, without modifying the thermal nature of each emitted quantum. Second, we show that exponentially suppressed commutators between operators inside and outside the black hole are sufficient to resolve paradoxes associated with the strong subadditivity of entropy without any dramatic modifications of the geometry near the horizon.

A THEOREM OF SOLÉR, THE THEORY OF SYMMETRY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 1260005 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIANNI CASSINELLI ◽  
PEKKA LAHTI
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Logic ◽  
Hilbert Spaces ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Space Realization ◽  
Symmetry Transformations ◽  
Axiomatic Quantum Mechanics

A classical problem in axiomatic quantum mechanics is deducing a Hilbert space realization for a quantum logic that admits a vector space coordinatization of the Piron–McLaren type. Our aim is to show how a theorem of M. Solér [Characterization of Hilbert spaces by orthomodular spaces, Comm. Algebra23 (1995) 219–243.] can be used to get a (partial) solution of this problem. We first derive a generalization of the Wigner theorem on symmetry transformations that holds already in the Piron–McLaren frame. Then we investigate which conditions on the quantum logic allow the use of Solér's theorem in order to obtain a Hilbert space solution for the coordinatization problem.

Weakly orthomodular and dually weakly orthomodular posets

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Chajda ◽  
Helmut Länger
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Orthomodular Poset ◽  
Algebraic Semantic ◽  
Orthomodular Posets ◽  
Congruence Properties

Orthomodular posets form an algebraic semantic for the logic of quantum mechanics. We show several methods how to construct orthomodular posets via a representation within the powerset of a given set. Further, we generalize this concept to the concept of weakly orthomodular and dually weakly orthomodular posets where the complementation need not be antitone or an involution. We show several interesting examples of such posets and prove which intervals of these posets are weakly orthomodular or dually weakly orthomodular again. To every (dually) weakly orthomodular poset can be assigned an algebra with total operations, a so-called (dually) weakly orthomodular [Formula: see text]-lattice. We study properties of these [Formula: see text]-lattices and show that the variety of these [Formula: see text]-lattices has nice congruence properties.

The Standard Formulation of Quantum Mechanics

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-65
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Mathematical Formalism ◽  
Standard Formulation ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Standard Interpretation ◽  
Linear Dynamics ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
History Of

The standard von Neumann-Dirac formulation of quantum mechanics is presented as a set of five basic rules. We discuss each rule is discussed in turn paying particular attention to the conceptual history of the theory. Of central importance is the standard interpretation of states (the eigenvalue-eigenstate link) and the dynamical laws of the theory (the random collapse dynamics and the deterministic linear dynamics) and how the interpretation and dynamics work together to predict and explain the results of basic quantum experiments. While the focus is on the behavior of electrons, we also briefly consider how the theory uses the same mathematical formalism to treat other phenomena like the behavior of neutral K mesons and qbits in a quantum computer.

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