Finite inseparability of some theories of cylindrification algebras

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Comer
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
The One

An elementary theory T in a language L is (strongly) finitely inseparable if the set of logically valid sentences of L and the set of T-finitely refutable sentences are recursively inseparable. In §1 we establish a sufficient condition for the elementary theory of a class of BA's with operators to be finitely inseparable. This is done using the methods developed independently by M. Rabin and D. Scott (see [6]) on the one hand and by Ershov on the other (see [2]).

Leibniz on Apperception and Animal Souls

Dialogue ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Miles
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
The One

InLeibniz: Perception, Apperception, and Thought, Robert McRae alleges a flat “contradiction” (McRae 1976, p. 30) at the heart of Leibniz's doctrine of three grades of monads: bare entelechies characterized by perception; animal souls capable both of perception and of sensation; and rational souls, minds or spirits endowed not only with capacities for perception and sensation but also with consciousness of self or what Leibniz calls (introducing a new term of art into the vocabulary of philosophy) “apperception.” Apperception is a necessary condition of those distinctively human mental processes associated with understanding and with reason. Insofar as it is also a sufficient condition of rationality, it is not ascribable to animals. But apperception is a necessary condition of sensation or feeling as well; and animals are capable of sensation, according to Leibniz, who decisively rejected the Cartesian doctrine that beasts are nothing but material automata. “On the one hand,” writes McRae, “what distinguishes animals from lower forms of life is sensation or feeling, but on the other hand apperception is a necessary condition of sensation, and apperception distinguishes human beings from animals” (McRae 1976, p. 30). “We are thus left with an unresolved inconsistency in Leibniz's account of sensation, so far as sensation is attributable both to men and animals” (ibid., p. 34).

Measuring inequality and Inequity in Health and Health Care

2011 ◽  
pp. 836-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Van Doorslaer ◽  
Tom Van Ourti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
The One

This article examines the measurement of the success of the redistributive function describing strategies used for measuring the inequality of the outcomes of a health care system in terms of the use of care. The discussion of inequalities can be divided into health, health care, and health care payments. This article is concerned with the association between income, on the one hand, and health and health care, on the other. It further discusses the potential underlying causal pathways of this association. It explains in detail that a significant association or causal effect is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the presence of inequalities. Finally, it reviews the economics approaches of measuring socioeconomic inequalities in health and health care that are applied in the empirical literature. The measurement tools developed and used by health economists to analyze socioeconomic inequalities in health and health care are also discussed.

Local homogeneity

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1243-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bektur Baizhanov ◽  
John T. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Finite Cover ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Local Homogeneity ◽  
Base Language ◽  
The One ◽  
Stable Structures

Abstract.We study the expansion of stable structures by adding predicates for arbitrary subsets. Generalizing work of Poizat-Bouscaren on the one hand and Baldwin-Benedikt-Casanovas-Ziegler on the other we provide a sufficient condition (Theorem 4.7) for such an expansion to be stable. This generalization weakens the original definitions in two ways: dealing with arbitrary subsets rather than just submodels and removing the ‘small’ or ‘belles paires’ hypothesis. We use this generalization to characterize in terms of pairs, the ‘triviality’ of the geometry on a strongly minimal set (Theorem 2.5). Call a set A benign if any type over A in the expanded language is determined by its restriction to the base language. We characterize the notion of benign as a kind of local homogenity (Theorem 1.7). Answering a question of [8] we characterize the property that M has the finite cover property over A (Theorem 3.9).

scholarly journals The Constructive Lift Monad

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Kock
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constructive Mathematics ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Bottom Element ◽  
The One ◽  
Gt Element ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Connected Spaces

The lift monad is the construction which to a poset freely adjoins a bottom<br />element to it, or equivalently (from the classical viewpoint), the construction which freely adjoins suprema for subsets with at most one element. In constructive mathematics (i.e. inside a topos), these two constructions are no longer equivalent, since the equivalence is based on the boolean reasoning that a set with at most one element either is a singleton {x}, or is empty.<br />Likewise based on boolean reasoning is the proof of two important properties of the lift monad T :<br />1) If a poset C has filtered suprema, then so does TC.<br />2) Every poset with a bottom element ? is "free", i.e. comes about by<br />applying T to some poset (namely the original poset less the bottom).<br />Both these properties fail to hold constructively, if the lift monad is interpreted<br />as "adding a bottom"; see Remark below. If, on the other hand,<br />we interpret the lift monad as the one which freely provides supremum for<br />each subset with at most one element (which is what we shall do), then the first property holds; and we give a necessary and sufficient condition that the second does. Finally, we shall investigate the lift monad in the context of (constructive) locale theory. I would like to thank Bart Jacobs for guiding me to the literature on Z-systems; to Gonzalo Reyes for calling my attention to Barr's work on totally connected spaces; to Steve Vickers for some pertinent correspondence.<br />I would like to thank the Netherlands Science Organization (NWO) for supporting my visit to Utrecht, where a part of the present research was carried out, and for various travel support from BRICS.

scholarly journals Space as a Resource and Implication of (Inter)group Relations and Rights: Analyzing Discourse on the Refugee Issue in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Anastasia Zisakou ◽  
Lia Figgou
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Space Limitation ◽  
The One

This study aims at exploring the way in which constructions of space and identity are mobilized in interviews on refugees’ reception and entitlements in Greece. Our analytic material was derived from individual semi-structured interviews conducted with 19 people of Greek nationality in Thessaloniki, while the analysis has been based on the principles of critical discursive social psychology. Analysis indicated the multiple ways that participants have available to construct the intersection of place identity and intergroup relations. On the one hand, proximity and contact with refugees were represented as a potentially justified basis for reactions against their settlement and integration. Intergroup distance and separation (ghettoization), on the other hand, were treated as a sufficient condition of anomy on the part of the refugees, and, by implication, as a source of problematic intergroup relations. Furthermore, analysis showed that constructions of “insider” and “outsider” coincided with symbolic boundaries, while biopoliticalstrategies, introduced through recourse to space limitation and scarcity of material resources, were employed to articulate arguments which supported the restriction of refugees’ entitlements.

scholarly journals The Definition of Nonhuman Animal Euthanasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Daniele Lorenzini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Under what conditions does the killing of a nonhuman animal qualify as euthanasia? In this paper, I elaborate an original nonprescriptive definition of nonhuman animal euthanasia which avoids the conceptual confusions surrounding the use of this expression. Such a definition imposes strict limitations on the notion of nonhuman animal euthanasia. On the one hand, the nonhuman animal whose life is ended through an act that legitimately qualifies as euthanasia is normally a sentient domestic animal. On the other, the painless and merciful nature of the termination of a nonhuman animal’s life is a necessary but not sufficient condition for it to count as a genuine instance of nonhuman animal euthanasia.

scholarly journals A Theorem on Finite Generation of a Ring

1966 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Finite Generation ◽  
Counter Example ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The fourteenth problem of Hilbert asked finite generation of a certain class of rings and had a counter-example (cf. [4]). On the other hand, many mathematicians gave various sufficient conditions for finite generation of such rings (see, for instance, [9], [5] and [8]). The purpose of the present paper is to give a new sufficient condition. The class of rings to be treated is much more general than those treated before, except for the one in [8].

Retractable Compact Directed Complete Poset (Acts)

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 625-638
Author(s):  
M. Mehdi Ebrahimi ◽  
Mojgan Mahmoudi ◽  
Mahdieh Yavari
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
The One

Taking domains in the one hand and actions of a semigroup (automaton) on the other, as two crucial notions in mathematics as well as in computer science, we consider the notion of compact directed complete poset (acts), and investigate the interesting notion of absolute retractness for such ordered structures. As monomorphisms and embeddings for domain acts are different notions, we study absolute retractness with respect to both the class of monomorphisms and that of embeddings for compact directed complete poset (acts). We characterize the absolutely retract compact dcpos as complete compact chains. Also, we give some examples of compact directed complete poset acts which are (ε-)absolutely retract (with respect to embeddings) and show that completeness is not a sufficient condition for (ε-)absolute retractness.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

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