A problem in recursive function theory

1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
R. L. Goodstein

In a recent paper [4] on mean value theorems in recursive function theory we proved the theorem that(A) iff(n, x) is relatively differentiable with a relative derivative f1(n, x), for a ≤ x ≤ b, and if f(n, a) = f(n, b) = 0 relative to n,then there is a recursive function ck, a < ck < b, and a recursive R(k) such that f1(n, ck) = 0(k) for n ≥ R(k); and we showed further that the added condition(B) f(n, x) is either relatively variable or relatively constantsuffices to ensure that ck is uniformly contained in (a, b), i.e. that there exist α, β such thatA comparison with the conditions under which Rolle's theorem is established in classical analysis suggests that clause (A) itself might suffice to ensure that ck is uniformly contained in (a, b); for in the classical theory there is a single point c, a < c < b, for which lim f1(n, c) = 0, and therefore f1(n, c) = 0(k) for sufficiently great values of n, where of course c is independent of k.The object of the present note is to show that this is not in fact the case, and we shall construct a recursive function f(n, x) satisfying condition (A) in the interval (0, 1) and such that any sequence ck for which f1(n, ck) = 0(k) for large enough values of n is not uniformly contained in (0, 1).

1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Goodstein

A primitive-recursive sequence of rational numbers sn is said to be primitive-recursively irrational, if there are primitive recursive functions n(k), i(p, q) > 0 and N(p, q) such that:1. (k)(n ≥ n(k) → ∣sn – sn(k)∣ < 2−k).2. (p)(q)(q > 0 & n ≥ N(p, q) → ∣sn ± p/q∣ > 1/i(p, q)).The object of the present note is to establish the primitive-recursive irrationality of a sequence which converges to π. In a previous paper we proved the primitive-recursive irrationality of the exponential series Σxn/n!, for all rational values of x, and showed that a primitive-(general-) recursively irrational sequence sn is strongly primitive-(general-)recursive convergent in any scale, where a recursive sequence sn is said to be strongly primitive-(general-)recursive convergent in the scale r (r ≥ 2), if there is a non-decreasing primitive-(general-) recursive function r(k) such that,where [x] is the greatest integer contained in x, i.e. [x] = i if i ≤ x < i + 1, [x] = —i if i ≤ —x < i+1, where i is a non-negative integer.A rational recursive sequence sn is said to be recursive convergent, if there is a recursive function n(k) such that.If a sequence sn is strongly recursive convergent in a scale r, then it is recursive convergent and its limit is the recursive real number where, for any k ≥ 0,.


1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-501
Author(s):  
Nicolas D. Goodman

This note is concerned with the old topic, initiated by Kleene, of the connections between recursive function theory and provability in intuitionistic arithmetic. More specifically, we are interested in the relationship between the hierarchy of degrees of unsolvability and the interdeducibility of cases of excluded middle. The work described below was motivated by a counterexample, to be given presently, which shows that that relationship is more complicated than one might suppose.Let HA be first-order intuitionistic arithmetic. Let the symbol ⊢ mean derivability in HA. For each natural number n, let n¯ be the corresponding numeral. Let Ω be the standard model of arithmetic. Say that a sentence ϕ is true iff Ω⊨ ϕ. Now suppose ϕ(x) and Ψ(x) are formulas with only the variable x free. SupposeThen it is natural to conjecture that {n∣Ω⊨Ψ(n¯)} is recursive in {n∣Ω⊨ϕ(n¯)}.However, this conjecture is false. Consider the formula is a formalization of Kleene's T-predicate.


1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Dixon

Hobson has given a proof of this theorem in its fullest generality. The present note gives an alternative for part of Hobson's argument. The theorem may be stated in two forms. If f(x) is a function of x, monotone when a ≤ x ≤ b, and φ(x) is integrable over the same range, thenwhere a ≤ X ≤ b,(ii) the same holds with a < X < b except in some trivial cases where f(x) is constant in the open interval a < x < b. The form (ii) is not mentioned by Hobson.


1946 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Mitra

The object of the present note is to obtain a number of infinite integrals involving Struve functions and parabolic cylinder functions. 1. G. N. Watson(1) has proved thatFrom (1)follows provided that the integral is convergent and term-by-term integration is permissible. A great many interesting particular cases of (2) are easily deducible: the following will be used in this paper.


J. C. Shepherdson. Algorithmic procedures, generalized Turing algorithms, and elementary recursion theory. Harvey Friedman's research on the foundations of mathematics, edited by L. A. Harrington, M. D. Morley, A. S̆c̆edrov, and S. G. Simpson, Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics, vol. 117, North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, and Oxford, 1985, pp. 285–308. - J. C. Shepherdson. Computational complexity of real functions. Harvey Friedman's research on the foundations of mathematics, edited by L. A. Harrington, M. D. Morley, A. S̆c̆edrov, and S. G. Simpson, Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics, vol. 117, North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, and Oxford, 1985, pp. 309–315. - A. J. Kfoury. The pebble game and logics of programs. Harvey Friedman's research on the foundations of mathematics, edited by L. A. Harrington, M. D. Morley, A. S̆c̆edrov, and S. G. Simpson, Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics, vol. 117, North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, and Oxford, 1985, pp. 317–329. - R. Statman. Equality between functionals revisited. Harvey Friedman's research on the foundations of mathematics, edited by L. A. Harrington, M. D. Morley, A. S̆c̆edrov, and S. G. Simpson, Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics, vol. 117, North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, and Oxford, 1985, pp. 331–338. - Robert E. Byerly. Mathematical aspects of recursive function theory. Harvey Friedman's research on the foundations of mathematics, edited by L. A. Harrington, M. D. Morley, A. S̆c̆edrov, and S. G. Simpson, Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics, vol. 117, North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, and Oxford, 1985, pp. 339–352.

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 876-878
Author(s):  
J. V. Tucker

Author(s):  
P. A. P. Moran

Recent investigations by F. Yates (1) in agricultural statistics suggest a mathematical problem which may be formulated as follows. A function f(x) is known to be of bounded variation and Lebesgue integrable on the range −∞ < x < ∞, and its integral over this range is to be determined. In default of any knowledge of the position of the non-negligible values of the function the best that can be done is to calculate the infinite sumfor some suitable δ and an arbitrary origin t, where s ranges over all possible positive and negative integers including zero. S is evidently of period δ in t and ranges over all its values as t varies from 0 to δ. Previous writers (Aitken (2), p. 45, and Kendall (3)) have examined the resulting errors for fixed t. (They considered only symmetrical functions, and supposed one of the lattice points to be located at the centre.) Here we do not restrict ourselves to symmetrical functions and consider the likely departure of S(t) from J (the required integral) when t is a random variable uniformly distributed in (0, δ). It will be shown that S(t) is distributed about J as mean value, with a variance which will be evaluated as a function of δ, the scale of subdivision.


1973 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
R. D. Dawe

The attribution of lines to different speakers in Greek tragedy is a matter on which MSS have notoriously little authority. As for Electra itself, there are at least three places where the name of the heroine has been incorrectly added in some or all MSS. In my Studies in the Text of Sophocles, I, 198, I list these places and suggest that the same error has happened at a fourth place, viz. 1323. The purpose of the present note is to suggest that at El. 1205–10 the same mistake has happened yet again.The situation is that Electra is holding the urn which she falsely believes to contain the ashes of her dead brother, Orestes. But Orestes is alive, and before her at this very moment. He is trying to persuade her to give up the urn. If the text before us had been preserved in a MS devoid of ascriptions to speakers, no one would have been so perverse as to do what all MSS and editors do in fact do, namely attribute the words οὔ φημ᾿ ἐάσειν to Orestes.


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