Raised Bogs in Eastern North America--Regional Controls for Species Richness and Floristic Assemblages

1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Raised Bogs

Recovery of acid damaged zooplankton communities: measurement, extent, and limiting factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (NA) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek K. Gray ◽  
Shelley E. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
North America ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Biological Recovery ◽  
Community Resistance ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Anthropogenic acidification has affected biota in thousands of lakes in eastern North America and Europe. To measure the degree and extent of biological recovery following pH recovery in acidified lakes, many studies have assessed changes occurring in acid-damaged zooplankton communities. In this review we synthesize studies of zooplankton recovery from regions severely affected by acidification. In doing so, we provide a critical overview of: (1) the design of studies used to detect recovery; (2) the status of communities in acidified regions; and (3) our current understanding of the factors that limit recovery. The design of most studies assessing zooplankton recovery fall into three categories based on their selection of data to be used for recovery benchmarks: (1) historical; (2) reference-lakes; and (3) temporal. Within these study designs, the most commonly used metrics include species richness, indicator species, and relative species abundances. Many studies have used species richness as the sole indicator of recovery; however, we argue that additional metrics should be considered in analyses to make conclusions more robust. Studies conducted in eastern North America and Northern Europe have demonstrated significant, though often incomplete, recovery of zooplankton communities in lakes that reach a pH > 6.0. Data collected in central Europe indicate little recovery in the heavily affected Bohemian Forest lakes, but complete recovery of species richness in the moderately acidified Tatra Mountain lakes. Factors limiting biological recovery, including slow chemical recovery, dispersal limitation, and community resistance, vary in importance among and within regions, suggesting that region- and lake-specific management approaches may be required.

Raised bogs in eastern North America: transitions in landforms and gross stratigraphy

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Glaser ◽  
Jan A. Janssens
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Peat Profile ◽  
Peat Stratigraphy

A regional survey of 60 raised bogs was made in eastern North America to determine the geographic patterns of bog landforms and gross peat stratigraphy. Three major types of bogs were identified: (i) midcontinental forested bogs with a longitudinal crest, radiating lines of forest growth, and an actively growing surface of loose Sphagnum hummocks, (ii) non-forested northern or maritime bogs with a convex or plateau shape, various networks of pools, hollows, and firm compact hummocks, and a more slowly growing surface that produces deeply humified bands or recurrence surfaces throughout the peat profile, and (iii) semiforested continental bogs with a forested crest, networks of linear hummocks and flat hollows on the lower flanks, and shallow expanding pools on the hollows. The peat stratigraphy on these semiforested bogs is also intermediate, with recurrence bands in the compact upper portions of the profile, becoming looser and more irregular toward the bottom. The geographic changes in landform patterns and gross peat stratigraphy indicate that forested bogs with a linear crest represent an early stage of bog development and are replaced in time by a nonforested plain with pools as changes in the slope and the hydrologic properties of the surficial layers of peat restrict runoff and infiltration, producing a rise in the water table. Thus on a regional scale autogenic bog processes may be as important as climate in controlling bog patterns and peat stratigraphy.

Declining Native Species Richness in Natural Areas in Eastern North America: An Example from Baker Woodlot in Central Michigan

Rhodora ◽  
10.3119/20-13 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 122 (991) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Kolp ◽  
Matthew T. Chansler ◽  
Garrett E. Crow ◽  
L. Alan Prather
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Native Species Richness

The Identification and Study of Indian Shell Middens in Eastern North America: 1643–1861

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
North America ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Shell Midden ◽  
Shell Middens ◽  
Work Done

Although the interest in shell middens in North America is often traced to reports of the discoveries in Danish kjoekkenmoeddings in the mid-nineteenth century, extensive shell midden studies were already occurring on the East Coast by that time. This article reviews selected examples of this early work done by geologists and naturalists, which served as a foundation for shell midden studies by archaeologists after the Civil War.

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